To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals —no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way — in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
1.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to_______.
A.call on scientists to take some actions
B.criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
C.warn of the doom of biomedical research
D.show the triumph of the animal rights movement
2.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_______.
A.cruel but natural B.inhuman and unacceptable
C.inevitable but vicious D.pointless and wasteful
3.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's_______.
A.discontent with animal research B.ignorance about medical science
C.indifference to epidemics D.anxiety about animal rights
4.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_______.
A.communicate more with the public B.employ hi-tech means in research
C.feel no shame for their cause D.strive to develop new cures
5.From the passage we learn that Stephen Cooper is_______.
A.a well-known humanist B.a medical practitioner
C.an enthusiast in animal rights D.a supporter of animal research
長(zhǎng)難例句分析
[長(zhǎng)難例句]All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]本句中,all是主語(yǔ)。前面由that引導(dǎo)的that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾all。后面由that引導(dǎo)的that good people do nothing是表語(yǔ)從句。
[參考譯文]只要好人不作為,受誤導(dǎo)的思想就會(huì)取得成功。
全文參考譯文
18世紀(jì)的政治家Edmund Burke說(shuō)道:“只要好人不作為,受誤導(dǎo)的思想就會(huì)成功?!爆F(xiàn)在有這樣一種誤導(dǎo)的情形能夠解釋這一名言:生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究將中止。因?yàn)椋幸环N觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為動(dòng)物有權(quán)力拒絕當(dāng)做人類的研究對(duì)象??茖W(xué)家需要對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利的倡導(dǎo)者作出有力的回答,因?yàn)樗麄兊挠^點(diǎn)正在讓公眾感到迷惑,阻礙了保健知識(shí)和醫(yī)療的發(fā)展。生物醫(yī)學(xué)的研究占用公共資金,而很少有人了解醫(yī)學(xué)研究的方法,于是動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把矛頭指向生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究上。聽說(shuō)在研究中對(duì)動(dòng)物很殘忍,多數(shù)人就會(huì)感到困惑,以為有人故意傷害小動(dòng)物。
譬如,在最近的一次街頭集市上,動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的一位老太太正在分發(fā)小冊(cè)子,鼓勵(lì)讀者不要使用任何來(lái)自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過(guò)的食品或制品——包括肉類、藥品或毛皮。如果問(wèn)她是否反對(duì)免疫的接種,她想知道疫苗是否來(lái)自動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)。當(dāng)?shù)玫降拇鸢甘强隙〞r(shí),她說(shuō):“那么,我會(huì)反對(duì)的?!碑?dāng)問(wèn)到如果發(fā)生傳染病怎么辦時(shí),她說(shuō):“不必要擔(dān)心,科學(xué)家將會(huì)用計(jì)算機(jī)找到一些解決辦法?!边@樣的好心人根本就明白不了其中的道理。
科學(xué)家應(yīng)該用富有感情的、易于理解的方式向民眾傳達(dá)信息,即用通俗的語(yǔ)言而不是用分子生物學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)講話。我們需要澄清動(dòng)物研究與祖母的髖骨置換術(shù)、父親的心臟搭橋手術(shù)、孩子的免疫接種甚至寵物的防疫注射之間的聯(lián)系。對(duì)于那些不了解只有通過(guò)動(dòng)物研究來(lái)才能制定出治療方案以開發(fā)出新的方案和研究新的疫苗人來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)物研究說(shuō)得好一些是浪費(fèi),說(shuō)得難聽一些是殘忍。
有許多事情是我們力所能及的??茖W(xué)家可以“走進(jìn)”中學(xué)課堂,介紹他們的研究。他們應(yīng)該對(duì)編輯來(lái)信迅速回復(fù),以免動(dòng)物權(quán)利組織的錯(cuò)誤信息沒有引起質(zhì)疑,從而得到真理的假象。研究機(jī)構(gòu)可以對(duì)旅游者開放,以此顯示供研究用的動(dòng)物得到了仁慈的照料。最后,最有利害關(guān)系的是病人,研究團(tuán)體不僅要接納像Stephen Cooper——他已經(jīng)勇敢地聲明動(dòng)物研究的價(jià)值——這樣著名的人物來(lái)支持自己的事業(yè),還要邀請(qǐng)所有接受過(guò)醫(yī)療的人來(lái)支持自己。如果好人不作為,有可能真會(huì)使無(wú)知的人們撲滅醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步中珍貴的火種。
題目答案與解析
1.在文章開始時(shí)作者引用了Edmund Burke的話,目的是為了________。
A.號(hào)召科學(xué)家采取某些行動(dòng) B.批評(píng)被誤導(dǎo)的維護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)
C.警告生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的厄運(yùn) D.表明動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利
【答案】A
【解析】本題可參照文章的第一段。從中可知,18世紀(jì)的政治家Edmund Burke說(shuō)道:“只要好人不作為,受誤導(dǎo)的思想就會(huì)成功。”現(xiàn)在有這樣一種誤導(dǎo)的情形能夠解釋這一名言:生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究將中止。因?yàn)椋幸环N觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為動(dòng)物有權(quán)利拒絕當(dāng)做人類的研究對(duì)象??茖W(xué)家需要對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利的倡導(dǎo)者作出有力的回答,因?yàn)樗麄兊挠^點(diǎn)正在讓公眾感到迷惑,阻礙了保健知識(shí)和醫(yī)療的發(fā)展。據(jù)此可知,作者引用Burke的話是希望科學(xué)家對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行反擊。A項(xiàng)與文意相符,因此為正確答案。
2.被誤導(dǎo)的人們常常認(rèn)為,用動(dòng)物來(lái)研究是________。
A.殘忍但正常的 B.不人道和不可接受的
C.不可避免但不道德的 D.沒有意義的,純屬浪費(fèi)
【答案】B
【解析】本題可參照文章的第一段。從中可知,聽說(shuō)在研究中對(duì)動(dòng)物很殘忍,許多人就會(huì)感到困惑,以為有人故意傷害小動(dòng)物;從第三段的最后一句話可知,對(duì)于那些不了解只有通過(guò)動(dòng)物研究才能研制出治療方案、才能開發(fā)出新方案和新疫苗的人來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)物研究說(shuō)得好聽一點(diǎn)是浪費(fèi),說(shuō)得難聽一點(diǎn)是殘忍。據(jù)此可知,被誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為研究中使用動(dòng)物是殘忍的、不可接受的。B項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符,因此為正確答案。
3.舉出老太太的例子是用來(lái)表示公眾________。
A.對(duì)動(dòng)物研究不滿 B.不了解醫(yī)療科學(xué)
C.對(duì)流行病漠不關(guān)心 D.擔(dān)心動(dòng)物的權(quán)利
【答案】B
【解析】本題可參照文章的第二段。從中可知,在最近的一次街頭集市上,動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的一位老太太在分發(fā)小冊(cè)子,鼓勵(lì)讀者不要使用任何來(lái)自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上做過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的食品或制品——包括肉類、藥品或皮毛;當(dāng)問(wèn)及她是否反對(duì)免疫接種時(shí),她想知道疫苗是否來(lái)自于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn);當(dāng)確信疫苗是來(lái)自于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),她回答說(shuō),“那么,我會(huì)反對(duì)的”;當(dāng)問(wèn)及如果發(fā)生傳染病怎么辦時(shí),她說(shuō),“不用擔(dān)心,科學(xué)家會(huì)利用計(jì)算機(jī)找到某種解決辦法的”;這樣的好心人根本就不明白其中的道理。據(jù)此可知,老太太的例子是用來(lái)表示許多人根本不了解動(dòng)物研究。B項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符,因此為正確答案。
4.面對(duì)來(lái)自動(dòng)物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者的挑戰(zhàn),作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)家應(yīng)該________。
A.多與公眾交流 B.在研究中采用高科技手段
C.不要因?yàn)樗麄兊倪\(yùn)動(dòng)感到羞愧 D.努力研發(fā)新的治療方法
【答案】A
【解析】從文章第二段的最后一句話可知,這樣的好心人只是不了解情況;從第三段的內(nèi)容可知,科學(xué)家必須用一種富于感情、易于理解的方式向民眾傳達(dá)信息;我們必須澄清動(dòng)物研究與祖母的髖骨置換、父親的旁道管手術(shù)、孩子的免疫接種甚至寵物的防疫注射之間的關(guān)系;對(duì)于那些不了解只有通過(guò)動(dòng)物研究才能研制出治療方案、才能開發(fā)出新方案和新疫苗的人來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)物研究說(shuō)得好聽一點(diǎn)是浪費(fèi),說(shuō)得難聽一點(diǎn)是殘忍;從第四段的內(nèi)容可知,科學(xué)家可以“走進(jìn)”中學(xué)課堂,介紹他們的研究;他們應(yīng)盡快答復(fù)編輯的來(lái)信,以免動(dòng)物權(quán)利組織的錯(cuò)誤信息沒有引起質(zhì)疑,從而獲得真理的假象;研究機(jī)構(gòu)也應(yīng)該向游客開放,以表明實(shí)驗(yàn)室的動(dòng)物受到了人道的對(duì)待;最后,醫(yī)學(xué)研究界不僅要邀請(qǐng)像Stephen Cooper那樣的知名人士來(lái)支持自己的事業(yè),還要邀請(qǐng)所有接受過(guò)醫(yī)療的人來(lái)支持自己。據(jù)此可知,作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)家應(yīng)該多與公眾交流,讓公眾了解真實(shí)情況。A項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符,因此為正確答案。
5.我們本中可了解到Stephen Cooper是________。
A.一位著名的人道主義者 B.一名醫(yī)生
C.一名動(dòng)物權(quán)利的熱心支持者 D.一名動(dòng)物研究的支持者
【答案】D
【解析】本題可參照文章的第四段。從中可知,科學(xué)家應(yīng)盡快答復(fù)編輯的來(lái)信,以免動(dòng)物權(quán)利組織的錯(cuò)誤信息沒有引起質(zhì)疑,從而獲得真理的假象;研究機(jī)構(gòu)也應(yīng)該向游客開放,以表明實(shí)驗(yàn)室的動(dòng)物受到了人道的對(duì)待;最后,因?yàn)樽钣欣﹃P(guān)系的是病人,所以,研究團(tuán)體不僅要邀請(qǐng)像Stephen Cooper——他已經(jīng)勇敢地聲明動(dòng)物研究的價(jià)值——那樣的知名人士來(lái)支持自己的事業(yè),還要邀請(qǐng)所有接受過(guò)醫(yī)療的人來(lái)支持自己;如果好人不作為,無(wú)知的人們真可能會(huì)撲滅醫(yī)療發(fā)展的寶貴火種。據(jù)此可知,Stephen Cooper敢于對(duì)動(dòng)物研究的價(jià)值發(fā)表無(wú)所畏懼的言論,說(shuō)明他支持動(dòng)物研究。D項(xiàng)與文章意思相符,因此為正確答案。
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