實(shí)用高中英語(yǔ)用法詞典連載(06)

baby[5beIbI] n. [C]嬰兒；雛鳥；幼獸：a newborn baby 新生嬰兒 / a baby elephant 幼象

 

back[bAk] adv.回(原處)；向后：Put the book back to the shelf when you’ve finished it. 書看完請(qǐng)放回書架上。/ They fought back. 他們還擊了。adj.后面的；過(guò)期的：the back garden 后花園 / a back copy of a magazine 過(guò)期的雜志 n.1. [C]背：She was carrying the baby on her back. 她正背著嬰孩。2. [C]背后，后部：a seat for servants at the back of a carriage 馬車車廂后面的仆人座位v.后退：He backed the car out of the garage. 他把車倒退著開(kāi)出車庫(kù)?！鬭t a person’s back 在背后，在幕后支持：I am always at your back. 我總是支持你。/ at the back of 在后面，在背后；支持 / back and fort前后地，往返地 / back to back 背靠背 / back to front 前后顛倒 / behind sb’s back 不讓某人知道，背著某人 / on one’s back 仰臥 / turn one’s back on [upon] 掉轉(zhuǎn)頭不理睬，背棄

 

backache[5bAkeIk] n.[C,U]背痛

 

background[5bAk^raJnd] n.[C]背景：The mountain forms the beautiful background of the scene. 這座山構(gòu)成了這處風(fēng)景的美麗背景?！鬮ackground information (題材、問(wèn)題的)背景資料，預(yù)備知識(shí) / background music 背景音樂(lè)，氣氛音樂(lè) / in the background 不公開(kāi)的(地)，在幕后

 

backward(s)[5bAkwEd(z)] adv.向后地；倒退地：I walked backwards down the stairs, carrying the heavy box. 我扛著重箱子，倒退著走下樓梯?！鬮ackward(s) and forward(s) 循環(huán)往復(fù)

 

bacon[5beIkEn] n. [U]咸豬肉；熏豬肉：put butter on bacon 咸肉上加黃油；畫蛇添足◆bring home the bacon 成功；謀生，賺錢糊口 / save one’s bacon 幸免于難，九死一生

 

bacterium[bAk5tIErIEm] (pl.bacteria)n. [C]細(xì)菌

 

bad[bAd] adj. (worse, worst) 1.壞的，有害的：not so bad 不錯(cuò) / It is certainly bad for the throat. 這肯定對(duì)嗓子有害。2.不好的，拙劣的：The company’s failure was due to bad management. 公司因經(jīng)營(yíng)不善而破產(chǎn)。3. 嚴(yán)重的：a bad clod 重感冒 / a bad defeat 慘敗◆go bad 腐敗，變壞，墮落 / go from bad to worse 每況愈下 / not bad 并不太壞，蠻不錯(cuò)的

 

badly[5bAdlI] adv. (worse, worst) 1.壞地，惡劣地：I am quite badly off recently. 最近我經(jīng)濟(jì)上很拮據(jù)。2.非常，極度：He’s badly in need of a haircut. 他急需理發(fā)?！鬮e dadly off 潦倒，貧困 / be badly off for sth 需要某物，供應(yīng)(某物)不足

 

【用法】1. badly 是形容詞 bad 的副詞形式，通常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞：He did his work very badly. 他的工作做得很差。2.與 want, need, be in need of 等連用，可表示“迫切地”、“非常”：He needs money badly. / He is badly in need of money. 他急需要錢。

 

badminton[5bAdmIntEn] n. [U]羽毛球

 

bag[bA^] n. [C]書包，提包，袋子：a leather bag 皮包 / Don’t leave your bag in the car when you get out of it. 你下車時(shí)別把手提袋留在車?yán)?。◆bag and baggage 帶走全部財(cái)產(chǎn) / a bag of bones 骨瘦如柴的人或物 / be in the bag 不成問(wèn)題，如探囊取物

 

baggage[5bA^IdV] (= luggage) n. [U]行李：A porter carried our baggage to the train. 搬運(yùn)工把我們的行李送上火車。

 

【用法】是不可數(shù)名詞，要表示“幾件行李”，可借助 piece 或 article：two articles fo baggage 兩件行李。

bake[beIk] v.1.烤；烘(面包)：The cakes will bake very quickly. 這些餅很快就可烘好。2. 烘干，使硬：In former times, bricks were baked in the sun. 在古代，磚塊是放在太陽(yáng)下曬干的。

 

bakery[5beIkErI] n.[C]面包房，面包店：bakery products面包房產(chǎn)品

 

balance[5bAlEns] n. [U]平衡：It’s hard to achieve balance, but it’s harder to keep balance. 獲得平衡難，保持平衡更難。[C]秤，天平◆hold the balance 掌握決定權(quán) / in the balance 不能確定的，尚未決定的 / keep (lose) one’s balance 保持(失去)平衡 / on balance 考慮周全，總的來(lái)看 /  strike a balance 結(jié)賬，結(jié)算；取得平衡

 

balcony[5bAlkEnI] n. [C]陽(yáng)臺(tái)；樓座：You can see the sea from our balcony. 你從我們的陽(yáng)臺(tái)上就能看見(jiàn)大海。

 

ball[bC:l] n. 1. [C]球；球狀物：a golf ball 高爾夫球 / a snow ball 雪球 2. [C]舞會(huì)：How did you enjoy the ball? 你在那個(gè)舞會(huì)上玩得開(kāi)心嗎？◆be on the ball 處處精明，能干/ have the ball at one’s feet 機(jī)會(huì)在眼前/ keep the ball rolling 持續(xù)不斷 / play ball (球賽的)開(kāi)始比賽，開(kāi)球 / The ball is in your court [The ball is with you] .輪到你了。

 

【辨析】ball 與 dance：參見(jiàn) dance。

 

ballet[5bAleI] n. [C,U]芭蕾舞：She has studied (the) ballet for five years. 她學(xué)芭蕾舞已 5 年了。

 

balloon[bE5lu:n] n. [C]氣球：blow up a balloon 給氣球打氣 / My shirt bags like a balloon when the wind blows against it. 風(fēng)吹著我的襯衫使它膨脹得像個(gè)氣球一樣。

 

ballpoint[5bC:lpCInt] (= ballpoint pen) n. [C]圓珠筆

 

bamboo[bAm5bu:] n. [C,U]竹，竹子：a bamboo shoots 竹筍 / a bamboo leaf竹葉

 

ban[bAn] n. [C]禁令；禁止：announce a ban on 宣布對(duì)…的禁令v.禁止；取締：The authorities banned visitors form smoking in the building. 當(dāng)局禁止來(lái)訪者在大樓里抽煙。

 

banana[bE5nB:nE] n.[C]香蕉：Please peel this banana. 請(qǐng)剝開(kāi)這只香蕉的皮?！鬮anana skin 造成困難或麻煩的根源

 

bandage[5bAndIdV] n.[C]繃帶：a first-aid bandage 急救繃帶vt. 用繃帶包扎：The doctor bandaged up his broken ankle. 醫(yī)生用繃帶把他折斷了的踝骨包扎起來(lái)。

 

bang[bAN] n. [C]砰的一聲巨響：There was a bang on the street. 街上發(fā)出砰的大響聲。v. 猛敲，猛撞，砰砰作響：Tell the children to stop banging about. 告訴孩子們不要到處弄出聲響。

 

bank[bANk] n. 1.[C](河、海、湖的)岸，堤：the banks of the Yellow River 黃河兩岸2. [C]銀行：The major banks have announced an increase in interest rates. 幾家大銀行已宣布提高利率?！鬮reak the bank 花費(fèi)不起

 

bank account[5bANk E7kaJnt] n. [C]銀行賬戶：I’d like to open a bank account. 我想開(kāi)個(gè)存款賬戶。

 

bar[bB:(r)] n. 1. [C]條；(長(zhǎng)方)塊：a bar of soap 一塊肥皂2. [C]棒，橫木：an iron round bar圓鐵棒 3. [C](酒店的)買酒柜臺(tái)；酒吧：There are several bars in the hotel. 這個(gè)旅館中有好幾個(gè)酒吧。

 

barbecue[5bB:bIkju:] n.烤肉野餐

barber[5bB:bE(r)] n. [C](為男人理發(fā)的)理發(fā)師：He is a skilled barber. 他是位熟練的理發(fā)師。

 

【說(shuō)明】barber 指專為男人理發(fā)和刮胡子的理發(fā)師，為女人做發(fā)型的理發(fā)師叫hairdresser。

 

barbershop[5bB:bE7FCp] n. [C]理發(fā)店

 

bargain[5bB:^In] n. [C](經(jīng)討價(jià)還價(jià)之后)成交的商品；廉價(jià)貨：At that low price the house is a bargain. 按那樣低的價(jià)錢出售，這房子是便宜的。vi.討價(jià)還價(jià)：If you bargain with them, they might reduce the price. 如果你和他們講價(jià)錢，他們可能會(huì)降價(jià)?！鬭 bad (good) bargain 吃虧的(上算的)交易 / drive a hard bargain 殺價(jià)，講價(jià) / in(to) the bargain 另外，此外，加之 / strike a bargain 進(jìn)行交易，成交

 

bark[bB:k] v.吠；狗叫：Barking dogs seldom bite. (諺)吠犬不咬人。n. [C]狗叫聲：The dog’s sharp bark woke up everyone in the village. 刺耳的狗叫聲吵醒了村子里所有的人?！魋b’s bark is worse than his bite 雖然某人嘴很厲害，但心并不壞

 

barrier[5bArIE] n. 1.[C]柵欄，屏障：The police put a barrier across the road.

 

警察設(shè)了路障。2.[C]障礙：Language differences are often a barrier to mutual understanding. 語(yǔ)言不同常常阻礙到彼此的了解。

 

base[beIs] n.1. [C]根據(jù)地，基地：After we had reached the top of the mountain, we returned to our base camp. 到達(dá)山頂之后，我們便返回基地。2. [C]底部，根基：the base of a building 建筑物的地基 3.(棒球)壘

 

baseball[5beIsbC:l] n. [U]棒球(運(yùn)動(dòng))：Baseball is the national game of the US. 棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)是美國(guó)全民性的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

 

【提醒】在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞：play basketball 打籃球 / play football 踢足球等。但在表示具體的一個(gè)一個(gè)的各種球時(shí)，其前可用冠詞。

 

basement[5beIsmEnt] n. [C]地下室：It is rather damp in the basement. 地下室很潮濕。

 

basic[5beIsIk] adj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的：a basic course in French 法語(yǔ)的一門基礎(chǔ)課程 / The industry’s basic problem is the lack of demand. 工業(yè)方面的根本問(wèn)題是缺乏需求。

 

basin[5beIs(E)n] n. 1. [C]水盆，臉盆：a copper basin 銅盆 2. [C]一盆之量：a basin of water 一盆水

 

basket[5bB:skIt] n. [C]籃子；簍子：a shopping basket 購(gòu)物籃

 

basketball[5bB:skItbC:l] n.1. [C]籃球：playing basketball 打籃球2. [U]籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)

 

bat[bAt] n.1. [C](棒球、板球的)球棒2. [C]蝙蝠

bath[bB:W] n. 1. [C]洗澡：I have a bath every morning. 我每天早晨都洗澡。2.[C]浴室；澡盆：Clean out the bath when you are done. 洗完澡后請(qǐng)把浴缸洗干凈。

 

bathe[beIT] v.1.游泳；沐?。篖et’s go for a bath. 我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞?.浸，洗：First bathe the wound with hot water. 先用熱水洗一下傷口。3.籠罩：a room that was bathed in sunlight 充滿陽(yáng)光的房間

 

【辨析】bathe 與 bath：前者側(cè)重指在室內(nèi)“洗澡”，bathe 則通常指到室外的河里或海里等去游泳或泡澡。

 

bathrobe[5bB:WrEJb] n. [C]浴衣

 

bathroom[5bB:Wru:m] n. [C]浴室，盥洗室：Is there a bathroom in this restaurant? 這家餐館里有衛(wèi)生間嗎？

 

bathtub[5bB:WtQb] n. [C]澡盆

 

battery[5bAtErI] n.1. [C]電池；電池組：The battery has run down. 電池用完了。2. [C]一組，一連串：a battery of questions 一連串的質(zhì)問(wèn)3.[C]炮兵連，炮組