實(shí)用高中英語用法詞典連載(05)

argue[5B:^ju:] vi.1.(就某事)爭辯，爭論：They argued the matter for hours. 他們就這件事爭論了數(shù)小時(shí)。2.(與人)爭吵：He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday. 他和瑪麗爭論度假的最好地方?！鬭rgue out 徹底辯論，把…爭論出個(gè)結(jié)果 / argue the toss 爭論已有定論的事

 

argument[5B:^jJmEnt] n.1. [C,U]爭論，辯論，爭吵：He accepted the decision without argument. 他沒有爭辯就接受了決定。2. [C]理由；論據(jù)：He made a very persuasive argument. 他提出了一個(gè)很有說服力的論點(diǎn)?！鬴or the sake of argument 為便于研究問題，作為討論的基礎(chǔ)

 

arise[E5raIz] vi. (arose, arisen) 1.起來；站起；升起：Smoke arose from the chimney. 煙從煙筒冒出來。2.產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)：If any problems arise, let me know. 如果出現(xiàn)問題，請(qǐng)告訴我。

 

arithmetic[E5rIWmEtIk] n. [U]算術(shù)

 

 

arm[B:m] n. 1.[C]上肢；手臂：She held the baby in her arms. 她抱著那個(gè)嬰兒。2.[C]臂狀物；扶手：the arms of a chair 椅子的扶手3. [C]衣袖：He had a hole in the arm of his sweater. 他的毛衣袖子穿了個(gè)洞。4.(常用復(fù)數(shù)) (美)武器，武力：fire arms 火器，槍炮 / The soldiers presented arms.士兵們舉槍敬禮。v.以…裝備，武裝起來：The country armed itself in preparation for war. 這個(gè)國家已武裝起來準(zhǔn)備打仗?！鬭 babe in arms 需要抱的嬰兒，不諳世事者 / arm in arm 臂挽著臂 / at arm’s length 一臂之遙， 若即若離 / be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒的 / into sb’s arms 投入某人懷抱，進(jìn)入某人控制，受某人影響 / the armed forces, the armed services 武裝力量 / take up arms 拿起武器 / with open arms 張開雙臂(表示歡迎、準(zhǔn)備擁抱)

 

armchair[B:m5tFeE(r)] n. [C]扶手椅

 

army[5B:mI] n. [C]陸軍；軍隊(duì)：an army officer 軍官 / He joined the army a the age of eighteen. 他十八歲參軍。

 

around[E5raJnd] adv.在周圍；在附近：to take a look around 在附近看看 / The bookstore is just around the corner. 書店就在那邊轉(zhuǎn)彎的地方。prep.在…周圍；大約：I saw himaround the place this morning. 今天早晨我看見他就在那兒附近。/ I’ll see you around seven. 我們 7 點(diǎn)左右見。◆all around 四處，到處 / have been around 到處旅行；見過世面

 

arrange[E5reIndV] v.1. 排列；整理：I arranged books on the shelves. 我把書架上的書整理好。2. 安排；準(zhǔn)備：The meeting has been arranged for Tuesday evening. 會(huì)議安排在星期二晚上舉行。

 

arrangement[E5reIndVmEnt] n.1. [C](常用復(fù)數(shù))安排，籌備：arrangements of a time and place for the meeting 會(huì)議時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的安排 / We’re just making the final arrangements for the concert. 我們正為音樂會(huì)進(jìn)行最后階段的籌備工作。2. [C,U]約定；協(xié)議：make arrangement with sb與某人商定或約好 / We can come to some arrangement over the price. 價(jià)錢方面，我們可以商議解決。

arrival[E5raIvl] n.1. [U]抵達(dá)，到達(dá)：We waited for his arrival. 我們等候他的到來。2. [C]到達(dá)的人或物：Late arrivals must wait in the hall. 來晚的人要在大廳等候。◆on arrival 一到就

arrive[E5raIv] vi.1.到達(dá)；抵達(dá)：We arrived home at about midnight. 我們大約午夜到家。2.發(fā)生；來臨；出生：Good weather has arrived at last. 好天氣終于來到了。/ The baby arrived yesterday morning. 孩子是昨天上午出生的。

【辨析】arrive, get 與 reach：均可表示“到達(dá)”，其區(qū)別如下：1. arrive 和 get 都是不及物動(dòng)詞，前者較正式，后者則較口語化。兩者之后均不可接賓語，但可接 here, there, home 之類的表地點(diǎn)的副詞作狀語：What time does the train arrive? 火車什么時(shí)候到? 要表示“到達(dá)某地”，均需借助適當(dāng)介詞：arrive 之后通常接介詞 at(一般用于較小的地方)或 in(一般用于較大的地方，如國家、大都市等。get 之后通常接介詞 to。2. reach 通常是及物動(dòng)詞(較 get 更正式)，其后可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語(不能用介詞)：She reached Shanghai yesterday. 她昨天到達(dá)上海。

arrow[5ArEJ] n.1. [C]箭：Time flies like an arrow. 光陰似箭。2. [C]箭頭：direction arrows 方向箭頭

art[B:t] n. 1. [U]美術(shù)；藝術(shù)；藝術(shù)品：an art class 美術(shù)班 / choose art as a career 選擇藝術(shù)為職業(yè) / The museum has a fine collection of modern art. 這個(gè)博物館藏有一批優(yōu)秀的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)品。2. [C,U]技巧；技術(shù)：He knows the art of making money. 他懂得生財(cái)之道。 

article[5B:tIkl] n. 1. [C]文章：a leading article社論 / There’s an article about cycling holidays in today’s paper. 今天的報(bào)紙上有一篇關(guān)于騎自行車度假的文章。2. [C]東西，物品：articles of daily use日用品3.(語法)冠詞

artist[5B:tIst] n. [C]藝術(shù)家；畫家：I like that picture; who is the artist? 我喜歡那幅畫，是誰畫的？

as[Ez, Az] adv.像…，如同：The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale. 這孩子歌唱得同夜鶯般婉轉(zhuǎn)。conj.1.像…一樣；如同：They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours. 同我們一樣，他們也提前完成了任務(wù)。2. 因?yàn)椋篈s you weren’t there I left a message. 因?yàn)槟悴辉谀抢铮伊袅藗€(gè)信。3. 當(dāng)…時(shí)候：The phone rang just as I was leaving the house. 我剛要出門，電話就響起來了。prep.作為，當(dāng)作：work as an editor 作為一名編輯 / Treat me as a friend. 把我當(dāng)作朋友?！鬭s…as… 像…一樣… / as…as possible [as…as one can] 盡可能地… / as far as 遠(yuǎn)至…，就…的限度 / as far 至于…，就…而言 / as if [as though] 似乎，好像 / as it is 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上 / as long as 達(dá)…之久，只要 / as many [much] as 與…一樣多，多達(dá) / as soon as 一…就… / as to 關(guān)于 / as well 又，另外也 / as well as 與…一樣好；又，而且

【辨析】1.as well, also, either 與 too：參見 also。2.as, because, for 與 since：都可用來表示原因，但有區(qū)別：(1) because 語氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的問題、引導(dǎo)表語從句、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句等，而其余三者均不行：It is because he is honest that she likes him. 是因?yàn)樗\實(shí)她才喜歡他。(2) since 與 as 兩者所表示的原因都是人們已知的，即對(duì)已知事實(shí)提供理由，而不是表示直接原因。但 since 比 as 語氣稍強(qiáng)，且比 as 略為正式，它們引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在主句之前，有時(shí)也放在主句之后：As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那兒，我留了個(gè)口信。/ Since you’re not interested, I won't tell you about it. 既然你不感興趣，那我就不告訴你了。另外，since 可用于省略句，而其他三者不行：Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此，我無話可說。(3) for 是并列連詞(其余三者為從屬連詞)，它可表示因果關(guān)系(通常要放在主句之后，且可與 because 換用)：The ground is wet，for (＝because) it rained last night. 地面是濕的，因?yàn)樽蛲硐逻^雨。

ash[AF] n. [U]灰；灰末：cigarette ash 香煙灰

ashamed[E5FeImd] adj.慚愧；害臊：Are you ashamed for having lied? 你為撒了謊感到害臊嗎?

【辨析】ashamed 與 shameful：ashamed 意為“感到羞恥的”，shameful 意為“可恥的”、“丟臉的”：You should be ashamed of doing that. 你應(yīng)該為自己做那樣的事感到羞恥。It was shameful of them to surrender. 他們的投降是可恥的。

Asia[5eIFE] n.亞洲：Southeast Asia 東南亞

Asian[5eIFEn] adj.亞洲(人)的：Asian countries 亞洲國家n. [C]亞洲人

aside[E5saId] adv.在旁邊；向旁邊：Stand aside and let these people pass. 靠邊站，讓這些人過去。n. [C](戲劇中的)旁白；獨(dú)白◆aside from 暫且不談，除…之外

ask[B:sk] v.1.問，詢問：ask a question 問問題 / asked directions問方向 /  She asked whether I wanted tea or coffee. 她問我要茶還是咖啡。2.請(qǐng)求，要求：asking me for money向我要錢 / She asked (me) if I would drive her home. 她請(qǐng)求我開車送她回家。3. 邀請(qǐng)：He’s asked her to come to the party. 他邀請(qǐng)她來參加聚會(huì)?！鬭sk after 問候某人健康，問候，問安 / ask for 請(qǐng)求，懇求，要求 / ask for it [ask for trouble] 自找麻煩，自討苦吃 / asking price 要價(jià)，開價(jià)，叫價(jià)

asleep[E5sli:p] adj.1.睡著的，熟睡：The baby fell asleep. 那孩子睡著了。 2.(手臂或腿)麻木的：Both of my feet are asleep. 我的兩條腿都發(fā)麻。

【用法】asleep 沒有比較級(jí)，通常只能用作表語；表示“睡得很熟”不可用very 來修飾 asleep，而要用 fast 或 sound 來修飾。

【辨析】asleep 與 sleepy：1. asleep 通常只能用作表語，意為“睡著，熟睡”；be asleep 表狀態(tài)，指“睡著”，fall asleep 側(cè)重表動(dòng)作，指“入睡”：The baby fell asleep soon. 那個(gè)嬰兒很快睡著了。2.sleepy 可作表語和定語：The child is too sleepy to go watching TV. 這孩子困得無法繼續(xù)看電視了。

assistant[E5sIst(E)nt] n.1.[C]助手，助理：Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director. 彼得確信他能獲得總經(jīng)理助理的職位。 2.[C]店員：a shop assistant 售貨員

astonish[E5stRnIF] vt.使驚訝：The news astonished everybody. 這消息使人人感到驚訝。

astronaut[5AstrEnC:t] n. [C]航天員，宇航員：a rocket manned by trained astronauts 載有受過訓(xùn)練的宇航員的火箭

astronomy[E5strRnEmI] n. [U]天文學(xué)：I’m very interested in astronomy. 我對(duì)天文學(xué)很感興趣。

at[At] prep.1. (表示地點(diǎn)、位置)在：at night 在晚上 / at seven o’clock 在7 點(diǎn)鐘 / Are the children at school? 孩子們都在學(xué)校嗎？ 2.(表示動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)、方向)向，對(duì)準(zhǔn)：knock at a door 敲門 / aim the ball at the basket 將球?qū)?zhǔn)那個(gè)籃3.在…方面：be good at French 擅長法語4.(表示速度、程度、價(jià)格等)以，按：House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation. 房價(jià)比通貨膨脹上漲的比率高?！鬭t hand 在附近，在手頭 / at once 立刻，馬上

athlete[5AWli:t] n. [C]運(yùn)動(dòng)員：If you work hard, you will make a good athlete.
如果你肯努力, 你將成為一個(gè)好運(yùn)動(dòng)員。

Atlantic[Et5lAntIk] adj.大西洋的：Atlantic islands 大西洋上諸島嶼

the Atlantic Ocean n.大西洋

atmosphere[5AtmEsfIE(r)] n.1. [C]大氣；空氣：atmosphere pressure大氣壓力 2.[C](用單數(shù))氣氛：The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in. 她一進(jìn)來，氣氛就變了。

atom[5AtEm] n. [C]原子，微粒

attack[E5tAk] v.攻擊，侵襲：attack the enemy 攻打敵人 / The disease had already attacked the central nervous system. 疾病已侵犯了中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。

attempt[E5tempt] vt.試圖，嘗試：She will attempt to beat the world record. 她決心要打破世界紀(jì)錄。

attend[E5tend] v.1.出席；到場：attend school上學(xué) / attend a lecture聽講課
2. 照看；照料：Which doctor is attending you? 哪一個(gè)醫(yī)生為你看病? 3. 注意聽，留意：Attend to what your teacher is saying. 注意聽你老師所說的話。

【辨析】join, attend 與 take part in：參見 join。

attention[E5tenFEn] n.1. [U]注意力，留神：Give your whole attention to what you are doing. 把全部注意力用于你所做的事。2. [U]關(guān)注；照料：He gives all his attention to his car. 他十分關(guān)心他的汽車。3. [U]立正：Attention! (口令)立正！◆Attention, please! 請(qǐng)各位注意！/ give [pay] attention to 對(duì)…注意，對(duì)…留意；當(dāng)心

attentively[E5tentivli] adv.注意地：Please listen attentively to the teacher in class. 上課請(qǐng)專心聽講。

attitude[5AtItju:d] n.[C]態(tài)度：What is your attitude towards this question? 你對(duì)這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度如何? ◆strike an attitude 裝模作樣，矯揉造作

attract[E5trAkt] vt.1.吸引，引起：Moths are attracted to light. 亮光吸引飛蛾。2.招引，引誘：Flowers attract bees. 花招引蜜蜂。

attractive[E5trAktIv] adj.迷人的，有吸引力的：Your proposal sounds very attractive. 你的建議很動(dòng)聽。

audience[5C:dIEns] n. [C]觀眾，聽眾：There was a large audience in the theatre.劇院中觀眾甚多。

【用法】audience 作整體考慮時(shí)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；而考慮個(gè)人時(shí)，則看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：The audience is / are always very excited by a wonderful goal. 一個(gè)精采的進(jìn)球總會(huì)使觀眾們非常激動(dòng)。

August[5C:^Est] n. [C,U]八月：We often go camping in August. 我們常在 8 月去野營。

aunt[B:nt] n. [C]伯母；舅母；嬸；姑；姨：My aunt lives quite near. 我姑姑住得相當(dāng)近。 / Aunt Mary goes to church every Sunday. 瑪麗阿姨每星期天都要去做禮拜。

Australia[R5streIljE] n.澳洲；澳大利亞

Australian[R5streIlIEn] adj.澳洲的，澳大利亞人的n. [C]澳大利亞人

author[5C:WE] n. [C]作者，作家：Like author, like book. (諺)文如其人。

autumn[5C:tEm] n. [C,U]秋天，秋季：In autumn the leaves on the trees begin to fall. 秋天，樹葉紛紛落下。

avenue[5AvEnju:] n.1. [C](城市的)林陰路，大街：an avenue of poplars 白楊樹的林陰大道2.[C]方法；途徑：Several avenues are open to us. 我們面前有幾條可行之路。

average[5AvErIdV] adj.平均的；普通的：What’s the average age of your classmates? 你的同學(xué)的平均年齡是多少？ n.1.[C]平均數(shù)：What’s the average of 14, 3 and 1? 14、3 和 1 的平均數(shù)是多少？2. [C,U]平均水平；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：Tom’s work at school is above the average. 湯姆在校的功課在平均水平以上。v.達(dá)到平均水平；把…平均分配；求…平均數(shù)：The rainfall averages 36 inches a year. 年降雨量平均為 36 英寸?！鬭bove (blow) (the) average 在平均水平以上(以下)的 / on (the / an) average 平均 / up to (the) average 達(dá)到平均的(地)

avoid[E5vCId] v.1.避免，躲開：I think he is avoiding me. 我覺得他在躲著我。2.防止(發(fā)生某事)，避免(做某事)：Nuclear war is to be avoided at all costs. 要不惜任何代價(jià)防止核戰(zhàn)爭。

【提醒】avoid 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式：He crossed the street to avoid meeting her. 他橫穿馬路以便避開她

awake[E5weIk] v. (awoke, awoken; awaked, awaked) 喚醒：She was awoken by the noise. 她被響聲弄醒了。adj.醒著的：The children are still wide awake. 孩子們還完全沒有睡意呢。

【用法】1.用作動(dòng)詞，過去式和過去分詞有規(guī)則變化(awaked, awaked)和不規(guī)則變化(awoke, awoken)兩種，但在現(xiàn)代英語中通常只用其不規(guī)則變化形式；可及物，但不及物較多見：I awoke to find that it was already 10 o’clock. 等我醒來，已經(jīng) 10 點(diǎn)。/ A sudden loud noise awoke us all. 一聲巨響把我們?nèi)汲承蚜恕?.用作形容詞時(shí)，一般只作表語，不作定語，表示“完全醒著”，要用 wide, fully 修飾，不用 very：I was wide awake all night. 我整夜醒著。

【辨析】awake, wake, awaken 與 waken：1.作動(dòng)詞時(shí)都可表示“醒來，醒著；喚醒，叫醒”，且都可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞；但實(shí)際使用時(shí)，wake 和 awake 多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而 waken，awaken 多用作及物動(dòng)詞。2. wake 通常可與 up 連用，waken 也可以與 up 連用，而 awake 和 awaken 則一般不與 up 連用。3. awake 除用作動(dòng)詞外，還可用作形容詞，而其余三個(gè)詞通常用作動(dòng)詞，不能用作形容詞。4.四個(gè)詞中，wake (up) 是最普通也是最不正式的一個(gè)詞。如果只考慮其正確性而不考慮其普通性，有時(shí)一個(gè)意思可能有多種表達(dá)：He was woken [wakend] by the telephone. / The telephone woke [wakend] him up. / The telephone awoke [awakened] him. 電話鈴把他吵醒了。

award[E5wC:d] n. [C]獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)：The award for this year’s best actress went to Mary. 本年度最佳女演員獎(jiǎng)的得獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤乾旣?。vt.給予，授予：The prize was awarded to me for excellence in math. 我因數(shù)學(xué)成績優(yōu)異而獲獎(jiǎng)。

away[E5weI] adv.1.離開：The Smiths are away. 史密斯夫婦不在家。2.離…有多遠(yuǎn)：The city is miles away. 這個(gè)城市在幾英里以外。 / The exams are still six weeks away. 距離考試還有 6 周。3.消失；用完：The sound of their footsteps died away. 他們的腳步聲逐漸消失了。4.一直，繼續(xù)：to work away 一直在工作◆Away with… 把…驅(qū)趕，把…除掉 / right away 立刻，馬上