1. The irony of the historian's craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
【翻譯演練】 _________________________________
【參考譯文】 歷史學(xué)家這一行的諷刺性就在于實(shí)踐者清楚地知道他們的努力只不過(guò)是對(duì)無(wú)休止過(guò)程的付出而已。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The irony (of the historian's craft) is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions (to an unending process).此句的主語(yǔ)是The irony(其后括號(hào)中的of短語(yǔ)是其后置定語(yǔ)),謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is,that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作表語(yǔ)(即表語(yǔ)從句);在表語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know后又接that從句,亦是名詞性從句,作動(dòng)詞know的賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)從句);在畫(huà)線的賓語(yǔ)從句部分,but作“only/just”解,句末括號(hào)中的不定式短語(yǔ)to...是contributions的后置定語(yǔ);故此句中共有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句,分別作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)(即表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句)。
【詞匯精記】 irony 諷刺性;craft 手/工藝,行/職業(yè),船,飛行器(例如:~ union 同行工會(huì));practitioner(源自practice)從業(yè)者,實(shí)踐者;but(相當(dāng)于only,just)僅僅;contribution to... 對(duì)……的貢獻(xiàn),此處根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的需要調(diào)整翻譯為“付出”;unending 無(wú)休止的,沒(méi)有盡頭的(接近endless);process 過(guò)程,工藝(例如:in the ~ of... 在……過(guò)程中,secret ~ 秘方/秘密工藝)。
2. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
【翻譯演練】 _________________________
【參考譯文】 商界認(rèn)為他們正主導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)率革命是否屬實(shí)是更加難以定論的事情。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 (What is harder to establish) is ( whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real).此句的主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即主語(yǔ)從句),謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is,表語(yǔ)是whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即表語(yǔ)從句),故此句中也包含了兩個(gè)名詞性從句; 在whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中:主語(yǔ)是the productivity revolution,謂語(yǔ)是is,表語(yǔ)是固定搭配for real,畫(huà)線部分是that引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)較復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾從句的主語(yǔ)revolution。
【詞匯精記】 establish 建立,確定(例如~ a family 建立一個(gè)家庭,~ sb's identity 確定某人的身份);productivity 生產(chǎn)率;assume 認(rèn)為,假設(shè);businessmen 商人,此處是名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“一類人”,可引申為“商界”;preside over 主持,主導(dǎo);for real 真實(shí)的(構(gòu)成形式類似于for free)。
3. Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
【翻譯演練】 _____________________________
【參考譯文】 伽利略最輝煌的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空,以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person (to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens) (to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth ).句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)中,Galileo's greatest glory是主語(yǔ),系動(dòng)詞was是謂語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句;應(yīng)關(guān)注的是that表語(yǔ)從句里面兩個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)的作用:to turn...是the first person的后置定語(yǔ),而to prove that...則作動(dòng)詞turn的目的狀語(yǔ);在目的狀語(yǔ)里,prove后面的that從句(畫(huà)線部分)是賓語(yǔ)從句;在此賓語(yǔ)從句中,需關(guān)注revolve保持原形的用法,它和前面的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致,原因在于此從句的內(nèi)容是一條客觀真理。
【詞匯精記】 glory 輝煌,光榮;heaven 天堂,天空;planet 行星;revolve around 圍繞……旋轉(zhuǎn);the newly invented telescope 新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡;turn...on... 把……指向/轉(zhuǎn)向;rather than 而不是。
4. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
【翻譯演練】 ___________________________
【參考譯文】 困難之一在于:所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 此句主語(yǔ)是One difficulty,謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is,表語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即表語(yǔ)從句);復(fù)雜的是,在that表語(yǔ)從句中:all of what is called behavioral science是該從句中的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)部分是continues to trace,賓語(yǔ)是behavior,后面的介詞to短語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 what is called behavioral science是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,相當(dāng)于the thing (that is called behavioral science),作前面介詞of的賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)從句)。
【詞匯精記】 behavioral science 行為科學(xué);state of mind 心態(tài),意識(shí)狀態(tài);trait 顯著的特征/特點(diǎn);human nature 人性;trace 追蹤,追尋,探究(例如:My fear of dogs could be traced to one of my childhood experiences. 我對(duì)狗的恐懼可以追溯到我的一次童年經(jīng)歷)。
5. The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________________
【參考譯文】 問(wèn)題是如何將你已經(jīng)習(xí)得的知識(shí)付諸實(shí)踐。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice.此句中,特殊疑問(wèn)詞how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,和前面的The question is形成主系表結(jié)構(gòu),作句子的表語(yǔ)(即表語(yǔ)從句);在此從句中,需關(guān)注畫(huà)線部分,它是特殊疑問(wèn)詞what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的成分(即主語(yǔ)從句),其謂語(yǔ)是can be put,句末的into practice是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),修飾put。
【詞匯精記】 put...into practice 把……付諸實(shí)施。
瘋狂英語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 新概念英語(yǔ) 走遍美國(guó) 四級(jí)聽(tīng)力 英語(yǔ)音標(biāo) 英語(yǔ)入門(mén) 發(fā)音 美語(yǔ) 四級(jí) 新東方 七年級(jí) 賴世雄 zero是什么意思石家莊市圣雪金藍(lán)灣英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流群