考研英語長難句歷年真題真題精析

　　1. The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicidecarry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patientsof pain and suffering。

　　解析：本句較短，主干是：The Supreme Court'sdecisions carry important implications for sth，for后面有一個how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句how medicine seeks to relievedying patients of pain and suffering。

　　參考譯文：最高法庭關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人結(jié)束生命問題的裁決，對于如何用藥物減輕病危者的痛苦這個問題來說，具有重要的意義。

　　2. Althoughit ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "doubleeffect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having twoeffects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — ispermissible if the actor intends only the good effect。

　　解析：本句較長，有that引導(dǎo)的兩個賓語從句that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，that an action having two effects，以及that引導(dǎo)的兩個同位語從句：a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen。本句的主句是：the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "doubleeffect"。

　　參考譯文：盡管裁決認(rèn)為，憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利，然而最高法庭實際上卻認(rèn)可了醫(yī)療界的“雙效”原則，這個存在了好幾個世紀(jì)的道德原則認(rèn)為，如果某種行為具有雙重效果(希望達(dá)到的好效果和可以預(yù)見得到的壞效果)，那么，只要行為實施只是想達(dá)到好的效果，這個行為就是可以允許的。

　　3. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contendsthat the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, verystrongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation tocontrol their pain if that might hasten death."

　　解析：本句中出現(xiàn)that引導(dǎo)的兩個定語從句：that the principle will shield doctors，thatthey could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain，以及who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句who "until now have very,very strongly insisted。翻譯時定語從句可以獨立成句。注意Mediation的語境意思是“鎮(zhèn)痛劑”，本意是“調(diào)停，調(diào)和”。

　　參考譯文：蒙特非奧里醫(yī)療中心主任南希·都博勒認(rèn)為，這項原則將消除部分醫(yī)生的疑慮，這些醫(yī)生在此之前一直強烈地認(rèn)為，如果給病人充分的藥品來止痛會加速他們的死亡的話，那就不能這樣做。

　　4. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledgethat the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair ofpatients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。

　　解析：本句的主干是many acknowledge thatthe assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by… for …，that引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，以及后面的for whom modern medicinehas prolonged the physical agony of dying是定語從句，先行詞是patients。

　　參考譯文：另一方面，許多醫(yī)療界人士承認(rèn)，致使醫(yī)助自殺這場爭論升溫的部分原因是由于病人們的絕望情緒，對這些病人來說，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長了臨終前肉體的痛苦。

　　5. Strengtheningeconomic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,could push the price higher still in the short time。

　　解析：本句中出現(xiàn)了as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句aswinter grips the northern hemisphere，同時也是插入語，動名詞做主語Strengtheningeconomic growth，本句的主干是：Strengthening economic growth couldpush the price higher。

　　參考譯文：強勁的經(jīng)濟增長勢頭，隨著北半球冬季的到來，有可能在短期內(nèi)使石油價格漲得更高。

　　6. InEurope, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quitebig changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices thanin the past。

　　解析：本句結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，出現(xiàn)了so引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more mutedeffect on pump prices than in the past。難點在于個別短語的翻譯：muted“沉默的，被弄啞的”，上下文的語境是“不太顯著的”。

　　參考譯文：在歐洲，稅金在汽油零售價的比例高達(dá)4/5，因此，即使原油價格發(fā)生很大的波動，汽油價格所受的影響也不會像過去那么顯著。

　　7. Energyconservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption。

　　解析：本句是三個并列的成分共同組成的主語：Energy conservation, ashift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries，注意第三個并列的主語是：a decline in the importance ofheavy, energy-intensive industries。翻譯時按順序翻譯即可。

　　參考譯文：能源儲備、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工業(yè)的重要性的降低，都減少了石油消耗量。

　　8. TheOECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase theoil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP。

　　解析：本句中出現(xiàn)了賓語從句，賓語從句里出現(xiàn)了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, this wouldincrease the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP。同時也出現(xiàn)了比較的對象compared with $13 in 1998,作為插入成分出現(xiàn)的。

　　參考譯文：國際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟展望》中估計，如果油價持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右，與1998年的13美元一桶相比，這也只會使發(fā)達(dá)國家的石油進(jìn)口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%～0.5%。

　　9. Onemore reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike therises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of generalcommodity-price inflation and global excess demand。

　　解析：本句出現(xiàn)了that引導(dǎo)的表語從句thatit has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflationand global excess demand。同時也出現(xiàn)了插入語unlike the rises inthe 1970s,本句的主干是One more reason is that...。

　　參考譯文：另外一個不應(yīng)因油價上升而失眠的原因是，與20世紀(jì)70年代不同，這次油價上升不是發(fā)生在普遍的物價暴漲及全球需求過旺背景之下。

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