(三)邏輯推理題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
(1)不是在文章事實(shí)或上下文(句)邏輯基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理而得出了觀點(diǎn)。
(2)雖然可以以文章提供的事實(shí)或內(nèi)在邏輯為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行推理，但推理過(guò)頭，概括過(guò)度。
例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn't realize _____ 。(1993年6月六級(jí)題27)
A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things
B. the importance of the proper land use
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
D. the extraordinary rapid growth of population
(分析：此題屬?gòu)氖聦?shí)描述的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理。短文主要講了"環(huán)保是我們生活的一部分"。地下水位的重要性以及保護(hù)植被對(duì)保護(hù)源頭的意義和充分利用江河中的水資源的意義。而文章開(kāi)頭就提出一種觀點(diǎn)"我們要著手彌補(bǔ)先輩們的錯(cuò)誤。"由此可推斷出早期先輩們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到水、土地、生物之間的相互依存關(guān)系，選A項(xiàng)。B、C項(xiàng)推理出的觀點(diǎn)太窄，不能概括整段中心，D項(xiàng)短文中根本沒(méi)提到。)
例(2) It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____ 。(1996年1月六級(jí)題24)
A. has brought about an information revolution
B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
(分析：短文中句電子媒體本身是"信息革命"(information revolution)的一部分，而A項(xiàng)說(shuō)"導(dǎo)致、帶來(lái)"(brought about)信息革命，屬推理過(guò)頭。文中還談到計(jì)算機(jī)本身是一種電子媒體，而這種媒體又是音樂(lè)物質(zhì)文化的一個(gè)更為重要的部分，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)"加速新一代計(jì)算機(jī)的產(chǎn)生"從邏輯上推不出來(lái)。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器的變革，而文中根本沒(méi)提到"traditional musical instruments"屬不在事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行揄，故錯(cuò)。因此，選項(xiàng)C才是正確答案。)
(四)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)縱觀歷屆四、六級(jí)閱讀理解試題在考查學(xué)生揣測(cè)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，正確選項(xiàng)要么是肯定、贊揚(yáng)、褒義性的(如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等)要么是否定、批評(píng)、貶義性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等)而又以否定、貶義性居多。所以此類(lèi)題型中的中性詞(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均為干擾項(xiàng)。
由于近幾年文章都是反映與社會(huì)聯(lián)系緊密的，多為人們所擔(dān)心的現(xiàn)象，故作者對(duì)這些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象持批評(píng)態(tài)度的較多。
例(1) The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _____ . (1998年 6月六級(jí)題25)
(分析：答案是(B)critical 其它選項(xiàng)(A)positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerant均為干擾項(xiàng)。)
例(2) What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _____ . (1998年1月六級(jí)題30)
A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh。
C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry industry in Bangladesh。
(分析：答案選C。表明作者的批語(yǔ)態(tài)度。)
例(3) The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _____ 。(1996年1月四級(jí)題68)
(分析：正確答案為(C)critical, 其它選項(xiàng)(A)neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising 均為干擾項(xiàng)。)
第三篇：緊急狀況下的閱讀答題方法
做好閱讀理解題，最理想的步驟是先迅速瀏覽五道題大體了解一下五道題各自提問(wèn)了什么，各選項(xiàng)句是什么意思。然后帶著題干的提問(wèn)略讀全文，以最快的速度掌握所閱讀材料中的主要內(nèi)容和主要觀點(diǎn)，模清五道題各自提問(wèn)的內(nèi)容大體在文章的什么位置，并做些相應(yīng)的記號(hào)。接著開(kāi)始逐個(gè)答題如果哪一題在略讀基礎(chǔ)上不能選出，再到文中相應(yīng)的地方進(jìn)行查讀、細(xì)讀，直至選出正確答案。五題全做完后，最后把五個(gè)選出的答案連起來(lái)看一看，檢查一下是否存在明顯的邏輯不通或相沖突。如果有，及時(shí)訂正;如果沒(méi)有，可以做下一篇文章。但是，如果考生時(shí)間實(shí)在不夠了而剩下一、兩篇還沒(méi)做，在此緊急狀況下，該如何閱讀答題呢?下面介紹一些臨門(mén)一腳的訣竅。
(一)針對(duì)主旨大意題只讀段首、段尾句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主題思想往往通過(guò)段首、段尾句表達(dá)出來(lái)?？忌杆僬业搅诉@些主題句，也能答題。
例(1) The author writes this passage to _____ 。(1995年6月六級(jí)題30)
A. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive。
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：考生若沒(méi)有時(shí)間看整個(gè)文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句話：But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句話：While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能選出正確答案項(xiàng)A。)
例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ 。(1991年6月六級(jí)題40)
A. better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.??
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。
(分析：此題主要考某一段的中心意思?？忌嗫吹搅嗽摱蔚谝痪湓挘篏reenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使沒(méi)有通讀全段，考生也應(yīng)能選出A項(xiàng)為正確答案。)
(二)若針對(duì)舉例子、引用名人言論、特殊符號(hào)(如冒號(hào)、引號(hào)、破折號(hào))后內(nèi)容出題，考生可只讀例子、名人言話、符號(hào)前后句內(nèi)容，然后符號(hào)題。
例(1) Tish Sommers argues that _____ . (1994上1月六級(jí)題28)
A. older women find it hard to escape poverty。
B. older women usually perform better in their jobs
C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism
D. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism。
(分析：考生一看到題干，迅速到文章中找到Tish Sommers 的位置，人名開(kāi)頭字母大寫(xiě)，容易找到，且有雙引號(hào)引用了她的原話："When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in the doorstep it moves in"?？忌灰纯葱乱玫脑捈扒昂缶鋬?nèi)容，就能選出正確答案A項(xiàng)。)
例(2) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ . (1993年6月六級(jí)題32)
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep。
(分析：考生一看到此人名字，迅速?gòu)恼n文中找到，然后細(xì)讀他所說(shuō)的話："people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David. "They think they're key because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."只要理解了這些話，考生應(yīng)能選出B項(xiàng)。)
(三)如果題目只是針對(duì)某一段內(nèi)容而提問(wèn)，考生可只看該段內(nèi)容即可答題，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到時(shí)要交卷，而能做出的題因時(shí)間不足而瞎猜。
例(1) In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _____ 。(1996年1月六級(jí)題26) (建議：考生看完第一段就做此題，不必看后面內(nèi)容)
例(2) From the third paragraph, we can leard that _____ 。(建議：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答題。)
(四)針對(duì)詞匯題，考生可只看詞匯所在句和前后句內(nèi)容即可答題，因?yàn)閷?duì)單詞字義的揣測(cè)，一般只通過(guò)單詞所在句或前后句內(nèi)容就能猜出。
例(1) The word "dubious"(Line. 2)most probably means _____ 。(1990年1月六級(jí)題33)
A.valuable B. useful C. doubtful D. helpful
(分析：對(duì)"dubious"一詞詞義的揣測(cè)，可根據(jù)該單詞所在句和其前面一句話即可猜出。Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 從這兩句可猜出dubious是含有貶義、否定語(yǔ)氣的，故選C。)
例(2) The word "hassles" in the passage (Line 4) probably means _____ 。(1993年6月六級(jí)題24)
A. agreements B. disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels
(分析：判斷"hassles"意思，可從該詞所在句前后句判斷出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 從前后句意思及介詞over, 考生可猜出"hassles"就是quarrels。)
