英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘安眠藥

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What Is a Hypnotic?

失眠，指無(wú)法入睡或無(wú)法保持睡眠狀態(tài)，導(dǎo)致睡眠不足。又稱(chēng)入睡和維持睡眠障礙(DlMS)，祖國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)又稱(chēng)其為“不寐”、“不得眠”、“不得臥”、“目不瞑”，是以經(jīng)常不能獲得正常睡眠為特征的一種病證，為各種原因引起入睡困難、睡眠深度或頻度過(guò)短(淺睡性失眠)、早醒及睡眠時(shí)間不足或質(zhì)量差等。適當(dāng)服用催眠藥是解決失眠問(wèn)題的成功方法。安眠藥又名安定。本品白色或類(lèi)白色結(jié)晶性粉末;無(wú)臭，味微苦。幾乎不溶于水，可溶于鹽酸。遇酸或堿及受熱易水解，口服藥物在胃酸的作用下開(kāi)環(huán)，進(jìn)入堿性腸道又重新環(huán)合成原藥。因此，不影響藥物的生物利用度?？菇箲]，停藥后代償性反跳較輕，停藥困難輕。后遺效應(yīng)較輕。安全范圍大。

What is a Hypnotic? Find out on this Moment of Science.

The word “(1)hypnotic” sounds very mysterious. Maybe it (2)conjures up visions of a swinging watch and a voice saying “you are getting sleepy”. But to your doctor or pharmacist(藥劑師), the word hypnotic means something quite different. In medicine, a hypnotic is a type of drug. So, what is a hypnotic drug? And why do they call them that anyway?

Simply put, a hypnotic is any drug whose purpose is to produce sleep: it’s a sleeping pill. But not every drug that makes you sleepy is used as a hypnotic.

Many drugs may produce (3)drowsiness as a side effect, but only those that are primarily used for sleep are true hypnotics. For example, consider the well-known drug, Valium(安定). Many people would call Valium a “sleeping pill” since it produces drowsiness. But, it’s not really used as a hypnotic.

Valium is used to treat anxiety, panic attacks(恐慌發(fā)作), muscle spasms(肌肉痙攣) and even seizures(癲癇). On the other hand, a hypnotic like Chloral Hydrate is given only to produce sleep. Still, why call sleeping pills hypnotics? Well, they are named for the Greek god of sleep, Hypnos.

譯文：

安眠藥

“催眠”這個(gè)詞聽(tīng)起來(lái)非常的神秘?；蛟S它會(huì)讓你想起一個(gè)擺動(dòng)的手表，和一個(gè)聲音說(shuō)“你越來(lái)越困”的場(chǎng)景。但是對(duì)于你的醫(yī)生或者藥劑師來(lái)說(shuō)，催眠這個(gè)詞意味著完全不同的東西。在醫(yī)學(xué)上，安眠藥是一種藥物。因此，什么叫做安眠藥呢?為什么他們要這樣稱(chēng)呼這些藥呢?

簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，安眠藥是催人睡覺(jué)的藥物：它是一種催眠藥。但是并不是每一種讓你昏昏欲睡的藥物都被當(dāng)做安眠藥來(lái)使用。

許多藥物可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生讓人嗜睡的副作用，但是只有那些主要用于治療睡眠的藥物才是真正的安眠藥。比如，眾所周知的安眠藥，安定。許多人會(huì)稱(chēng)安定為安眠藥是因?yàn)樗艽呙摺５?，?shí)際上它并不是被當(dāng)作安眠藥來(lái)使用。

安定用來(lái)治療焦慮，恐慌，肌肉痙攣，甚至癲癇。而像水合氯醛之類(lèi)的安眠藥只用于催眠。還有，為什么安眠藥叫做hypnotics?因?yàn)樗麄円韵ＥD神話中的睡眠之神許普諾斯命名。

Notes:

(1)hypnotic [hip'n?tik] adj.催眠的，催眠術(shù)的;易于催眠的 n.安眠藥;催眠狀態(tài)的人

What does hypnotic method have?

催眠的方法有哪些?

(2)conjure up 想起，使在腦海中顯現(xiàn);用魔法召喚

The old man conjured up a bag of silver coins from his pocket.

老人像變戲法似的從衣袋里掏出一包銀幣。

(3)drowsiness ['drauzinis] n.睡意;困倦;假寐

Since some medicines cause drowsiness, it's best not to drive while taking them.