DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)為什么是最重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)？發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA的過程是怎么樣的

 
DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)為什么是重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)？發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA的過程是怎么樣的
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: Do you know why we look different? And why the colour of our hair is different? Someone is blond, but the others are brown, still others are black.
 
你知道為什么我們長得不一樣嗎？為什么我們頭發(fā)的顏色不同？有些人是金發(fā)，有些人是驚發(fā)，還有一些人是黑發(fā)。
 
B: That’s because we have different DNA. DNA is a molecule which carries genetic information. Each one of us has unique DNA, so we have different facial features.
 
那是因?yàn)槲覀冇胁煌腄NA。DNA是一種攜帶遺傳信息的分子。我們每一個(gè)人的DNA都是獨(dú)特的，所以我們有不同的面部特征。
 
A: Wow, DNA is so magical! No wonder the discovery of the structure of DNA was one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 20th century.
 
哇，DNA這么神奇??！怪不得DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)是20世紀(jì)最重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。
 
B: well, it is a big thing. And the scientists, mainly James Watson and Francis Crick who discovered the double helix of DNA played very important roles in the history of molecular biology.
 
是啊，這的確是一件大事。而發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的科學(xué)家主要是詹姆斯沃森和弗朗西斯克里克，他們在分子生物學(xué)的歷史上扮演了非常重要的角色。
 
A: In a best-selling book, The Double Helix，Watson claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out that “we had found the secret of life.”
 
在一本叫《雙螺旋》的暢銷書中，沃森聲稱是克里克走進(jìn)附近的“老鷹酒吧"（劍橋大學(xué)內(nèi)，老卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室附近的一家酒吧)宣布這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的。克里克脫口而出： "我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了生命的秘密。"
 
B: Both Watson and Crick were so excited to discover this secret, because they were so desperate to find the truth.
 
發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)奧秘后，沃森和克里克都很興奮，因?yàn)樗麄円恢敝铝τ诎l(fā)現(xiàn)真理。
 
A: When Watson came to Cambridge, Crick was a 35-year-old post-graduate student and Watson was only 23, but he already had a Ph.D,
 
當(dāng)沃森來到劍橋時(shí)，克里克是一名已經(jīng)35歲的碩士研究生，沃森雖然只有23歲，但已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)博士學(xué)位。
 
B: Though Crick was 12 years older than Watson, they got along quite well. These two men shared similar interests: they liked to talk in a loud voice, no matter if they were walking along the river bank or drinking in the Eagle Pub.
 
雖然克里克年長沃森12歲，他們倆卻相處得很愉快。這兩人有著相似的興趣，不管是沿著河邊散步還是在老鷹酒吧喝酒，他們都喜歡大聲說話。
 
A: More importantly, they were interested in the fundamental problem of how genetic information might be stored in molecular form. They talked endlessly about DNA and the idea that it might be possible to guess a molecular model of its structure.
 
更為重要的是，他們都對遺傳信息是如何以分子形式儲(chǔ)存的問題感興趣。他們不停地談?wù)揇NA,以及DNA有可能出現(xiàn)的分子形式。
 
B: Both of them were deeply influenced by a book What is Life? which was written by Emin Schrodinger, the father of Quantum mechanics. The author proposed the concept of a complex molecule with the genetic code for living organisms. After reading this boo、they determined to discover what exactly this complex molecule is.
 
他們都深受《生命是什么》這本書的影響。這本書是量子物理學(xué)之父埃爾溫薛定諤寫的，薛定諤在書里大膽地設(shè)想了生物有機(jī)體的一種帶遺傳密碼的復(fù)雜分子形式。讀了這本書之后，沃森和克里克決心要找出這種復(fù)雜的分子到底是什么。
 
A: In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. California chemist Linus Pauling suggested an incorrect model at the beginning of 1953 prompting Watson and Crick to try and beat Pauling at his own game.
 
在20世紀(jì)50年代早期，許多科學(xué)家都致力于研究發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA結(jié)構(gòu)，沃森和克里克只是其中的兩個(gè)。加利福尼亞化學(xué)家萊納斯鮑林在1953年年初提出了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的模型，誤導(dǎo)了很多科學(xué)家，這促使沃森和克里克嘗試在鮑林擅長的建構(gòu)分子模型方面打敗他。
 
B: At that time Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, both working at King’s College, London, were using X-ray diffraction to study DNA.
 
那時(shí)，一同在倫敦國王學(xué)院工作的莫里斯威爾金斯和羅莎琳德富蘭克林正用X光衍射研究DNA。
 
A: Crick and Watson used their findings in their own research.
 
他們兩人的發(fā)現(xiàn)被用于克里克和沃森的研究中。
 
B: On the morning of February 28, 1953, they determined that the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides wound around each other.
 
1953年2月28日，克里克和沃森認(rèn)定DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)雙螺旋聚合物，或者說是一個(gè)包含DNA雙鏈的螺旋,每條鏈包含著一長串單體核苷酸，纏繞在另一條鏈上。
 
A: Watson, Crick and Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962 “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”.
 
沃森、克里克和威爾金斯“因他們關(guān)于核酸分子結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對于生物遺傳信息傳送的重大意義"一起分享了 1962年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
 
B: Franklin had died in 1958 and, despite her key experimental work, the prize could not be received posthumously. Crick and Watson both received numerous other awards and prizes for their work.
 
盡管富蘭克林的實(shí)驗(yàn)工作取得了巨大成就，但她于1958年過世，而諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)只能頒發(fā)鉿在世的人?？死锟撕臀稚瓋扇诉€獲得了其他無數(shù)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。