中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（一）
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里,我們要學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài). 比方有一句話: "我們的車(chē)修好了." Our car was repaired. 在這句話里, 主語(yǔ) "車(chē)" car 就是動(dòng)作 "修理" repair 的對(duì)象.現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)聽(tīng)一段包含了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)凱特跟亨利從修汽車(chē)談到上成人學(xué)校的事情. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)兩位英文教師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).
M: Kate, our car needs to be fixed again.
F: But it was just repaired a few months ago.
M: I know. Maybe the repair job wasn't done well.
F: I hope that it will be fixed this time.
M: I hope so too. I wish I knew about car repair.
F: Why don't you learn? I'm sure courses are offered on car repair at Seattle Community College.
M: That's a good idea. I wonder when courses begin.
F: Let's get a school catalogue and see what courses are scheduled. I'd like to take a computer course.
M: Imagine, Kate, you and I going back to school.
現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)兩位英文老師用慢速度再把整段對(duì)話念一遍.
M: Kate, our car needs to be fixed again.
F: But it was just repaired a few months ago.
M: I know. Maybe the repair job wasn't done well.
F: I hope that it will be fixed this time.
M: I hope so too. I wish I knew about car repair.
F: Why don't you learn? I'm sure courses are offered on car repair at Seattle Community College.
M: That's a good idea. I wonder when courses begin.
F: Let's get a school catalogue and see what courses are scheduled. I'd like to take a computer course.
M: Imagine, Kate, you and I going back to school.
下面我們來(lái)聽(tīng)剛才那段對(duì)話里的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子.
M: Our car needs to be fixed again.
F: It was repaired a few months ago.
M: Maybe the repair job wasn't done well.
F: I hope that it will be fixed this time.
F: Courses are offered on car repair.
M: Let's see what courses are scheduled.
二.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
聽(tīng)了上面的句子,或許你已經(jīng)注意到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就是以助動(dòng)詞 be, b-e, be加上及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的.現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)英文老師念一些句子把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作個(gè)比較. 句子的內(nèi)容都是有關(guān)修理汽車(chē)的事情. 比方, 男老師說(shuō): " 修車(chē)工人裝了新剎車(chē)." The mechanic installed new brakes. 女老師就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō): "剎車(chē)裝好了." New brakes were installed. 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
M: The mechanic repaired the car.
F: The car was repaired.
M: The mechanic did the repair job.
F: The repair job was done.
M: The mechanic changed the oil.
F: The oil was changed.
M: The mechanic installed new brakes.
F: New brakes were installed.
下面我們要比較否定句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);句子的內(nèi)容還是說(shuō)到修車(chē), 比方修車(chē)工人沒(méi)有檢查引擎, 沒(méi)有換電池等等. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
M: The mechanic didn't fix the car.
F: The car wasn't fixed.
M: The mechanic didn't check the engine.
F: The engine wasn't checked.
M: The mechanic didn't change the battery.
F: The battery wasn't changed.
M: The mechanic didn't wash the car.
F: The car wasn't washed.
在今天這一課的對(duì)話里, 亨利和凱特除了談修車(chē)以外, 還談到社區(qū)大學(xué)為了讓成人進(jìn)修而在晚上設(shè)立的成人教育計(jì)劃. 下面一組練習(xí)談的就是成人教育計(jì)劃. 比方他們排了很多課, 寄出了學(xué)校目錄, 招收成人學(xué)生, 使學(xué)生的生活更充實(shí)等等. 練習(xí)的作法是由男老師念主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子, 請(qǐng)你把句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)出來(lái). 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)女老師念正確答案.
M: They offered various courses at night.
F: Various courses were offered at night.
M: They scheduled various courses at night.
F: Various courses were scheduled at night.
M: They sent out catalogues.
F: Catalogues were sent out.
M: They enrolled adult students at night.
F: Adult students were enrolled at night.
M: They enriched adult students' lives.
F: Adult students' lives were enriched.
剛才我們練習(xí)的都是過(guò)去式句子, 現(xiàn)在我們練習(xí)把那些句子改成現(xiàn)在完成式.現(xiàn)在完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就是用 have been 或是 has been加上及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 練習(xí)的作法是老師用疑問(wèn)詞提出問(wèn)句,接著老師念一個(gè)字或是詞, 請(qǐng)你用你聽(tīng)到的回答問(wèn)題. 每作完一句還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.
M: What has been offered?
M: various courses
F: Various courses have been offered.
M: What has been scheduled?
M: various courses
F: Various courses have been scheduled.
M: What has been sent out?
M: catalogues
F: Catalogues have been sent out.
M: Who has been enrolled?
M: adult students
F: Adult students have been enrolled.
M: Whose lives have been enriched?
M: adult students'
F: Adult students' lives have been enriched.
下面一組練習(xí)是說(shuō)人們?yōu)槭裁匆铣扇藢W(xué)校, 比方他們要受更多教育,需要更多知識(shí); 他們也需要受特別訓(xùn)練, 得到特別技能, 以便找新職業(yè)和更好的工作等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念現(xiàn)在式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子,學(xué)生就用 is 或是 are 加上動(dòng)詞 "需要" 的過(guò)去分詞 needed, 把句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)出來(lái). 學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候, 請(qǐng)你也一起作.
M: Students need more education.
F: More education is needed
M: Students need more knowledge.
F: More knowledge is needed.
M: Students need special training.
F: Special training is needed.
M: Students need special skills.
F: Special skills are needed.
M: Students need new professions.
F: New professions are needed.
M: Students need better jobs.
F: Better jobs are needed.
剛才那個(gè)練習(xí)里有些字可能你不太熟, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔丫毩?xí)里的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子重復(fù)練習(xí)一下. 每個(gè)句子我們念兩遍, 請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍, 跟著老師重復(fù)一遍.
M: More education is needed.
F: More education is needed.
M: More knowledge is needed.
F: More knowledge is needed.
M: Special training is needed.
F: Special training is needed.
M: Special skills are needed.
F: Special skills are needed.
M: New professions are needed.
F: New professions are needed.
M: Better jobs are needed.
F: Better jobs are needed.
剛才我們用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子敘述了學(xué)生的需要; 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí), 看看成人學(xué)校應(yīng)該教什么課程. 比方有一句話: "他們應(yīng)該教工程學(xué)" They should teach engineering. 這句話改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就應(yīng)該把should teach 變成 should be taught, 整句話應(yīng)該是: Engineering should be taught. 這組練習(xí)的作法是由老師把剛才那句話念一遍, 接著老師念出一個(gè)課程的名稱(chēng), 比方: "會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)"accounting. "通訊學(xué)" communication, "鉛管業(yè)" plumbing, "修理電動(dòng)設(shè)備"electrical repair, "先進(jìn)技術(shù)" advanced technology 等等, 學(xué)生就把老師提出的字或是詞代換到句子里. 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始作練習(xí). 學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
M: Engineering should be taught.
M: computer science
F: Computer science should be taught.
M: accounting
F: Accounting should be taught.
M: communication
F: Communication should be taught.
M: plumbing
F: Plumbing should be taught.
M: electrical repair
F: Electrical repair should be taught.
M: foreign languages
F: Foreign languages should be taught.
M: advanced technology
F: Advanced technology should be taught.
除了助動(dòng)詞 should 以外, 包含其它助動(dòng)詞的句子, 在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候 也都是在助動(dòng)詞后面加上 be 再加上動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 比方: Engineering will be taught. Engineering can be taught 跟 Engineering might be taught 等等. 這種變化等一會(huì)兒我們還有機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí). 下面我們練習(xí)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)敘述成人學(xué)校這個(gè)學(xué)期正在教什么課. 老師先念一個(gè)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子, 學(xué)生就用 is 或是 are 加上 being, b-e-i-n-g, being 再加上動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)出來(lái). 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候, 請(qǐng)你跟著一起作.
M: They are teaching electrical repair this term.
F: Electrical repair is being taught this term.
M: They are teaching advanced technology this term.
F: Advanced technology is being taught this term.
M: They are teaching communication this term.
F: Communication is being taught this term.
M: They are teaching foreign languages this term.
F: Foreign languages are being taught this term.
M: They are teaching computers this term.
F: Computers are being taught this term.
M: They are teaching engineering and accounting this term.
F: Engineering and accounting are being taught this term.
下面我們把剛才那組練習(xí)里的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子重復(fù)練習(xí)一下. 請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍跟著老師重復(fù)一遍.
M: Electrical repair is being taught this term.
F: Electrical repair is being taught this term.
M: Advanced technology is being taught this term.
F: Advanced technology is being taught this term.
M: Communication is being taught this term.
F: Communication is being taught this term.
M: Foreign languages are being taught this term.
F: Foreign languages are being taught this term.
M: Computers are being taught this term.
F: Computers are being taught this term.
M: Engineering and accounting are being taught this term.
F: Engineering and accounting are being taught this term.
剛才我們作的幾組練習(xí)都是說(shuō)到成人學(xué)校的課程, 現(xiàn)在我們要作一組練習(xí)談?wù)劤扇藢W(xué)校的貢獻(xiàn),比方成人學(xué)校可以滿(mǎn)足人們多受教育的需求,可以使人們事業(yè)更發(fā)達(dá), 生活更充實(shí); 要是人們學(xué)會(huì)自己修東西就可以避免出高價(jià)請(qǐng)別人來(lái)修等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師說(shuō)出一個(gè)將來(lái)式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子, 請(qǐng)你把句子里的 will be 改成 is going to be 或是 are going to be 說(shuō)出來(lái), 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)老師念正確答案.
M: Older people's careers will be enhanced.
F: Older people's careers are going to be enhanced.
M: Their lives will be enriched.
F: Their lives are going to be enriched.
M: High costs for repairs will be avoided.
F: High costs for repairs are going to be avoided.
M: The demand for more education will be met.
F: The demand for more education is going to be met.
三.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題
在下一課里我們還有機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài). 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)聽(tīng)今天這一課的文章.這篇文章談到美國(guó)成人教育計(jì)劃的課程和功用. 文章里的詞匯都是我們剛才練習(xí)過(guò)的.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America. Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met. One reason for this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs have increased. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided. Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education. Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. Various courses are offered. Computers and business courses are taken by many adult students. Foreign languages, accounting and communication courses are also popular. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.
等一會(huì)兒我再請(qǐng)英文老師把文章念一遍, 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你先聽(tīng)今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Where can one take adult education courses?
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Why has adult education become popular?
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What are some of the courses offered in adult education programs?
好, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔盐恼侣?tīng)一遍. 這次老師念得比較慢, 請(qǐng)你特別注意上面三個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案.
Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America. Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met. One reason for this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs have increased. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided. Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education. Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. Various courses are offered. Computers and business courses are taken by many adult students. Foreign languages, accounting and communication courses are also popular. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題. 每回答一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)老師念正確答案.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Where can one take adult education courses?
F: One can take adult education courses in a community college or university.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Why has adult education become popular?
F: Changing professions, high costs for repairs and advanced technology are some of the reasons for the rise in adult education.
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What are some of the courses offered in adult education programs?
F: Plumbing, electrical repair, foreign languages, accounting and communication are some of the courses offered in adult education programs.
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