電腦英語Computer Virus 計算機病毒

[ti:] [ar:] [al:] [by:] [00:10.00]聽力課堂網(wǎng)(tingclass.net)Chapter 7 [00:10.91]第七章 [00:11.83]Computer Virus [00:13.17]計算機病毒 [00:14.52]Dialogue 1 [00:15.56]句型1 [00:16.61]A: Do you have virus protection software on your PC? [00:19.51]你的電腦有防毒軟件嗎？ [00:22.41]B:No, I'm always installing new software, and getting rid of old programs. [00:25.93]沒有，我一向裝用新軟件，舊的程序則刪除。 [00:29.46]Virus protection software usually makes that more of a hassle. [00:32.58]防毒軟件往往只會增加麻妨。 [00:35.70]A:But what will you do if you get a virus? [00:38.41]不過萬一染上病毒怎么辦？ [00:41.11]B: I guess I'll just reformat my hard drive and start over. [00:44.14]我想我會把硬盤再格式化一次，然后重新開始。 [00:47.17]Dialogue 2 [00:48.41]句型2 [00:49.65]A: Computer prices are really coming down. [00:51.22]電腦價格一直在下降。 [00:52.79]B: Not for me they're not. [00:54.00]對我才不是呢。 [00:55.22]A:What do you mean? [00:56.39]怎么回事？ [00:57.57]B:I mean my wife has discovered how to shop on the web! [01:00.13]我是說我太太發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何上網(wǎng)“購物”啦！ [01:02.69]Dialogue 3 [01:03.86]句型3 [01:05.04]This is a mouse, With the mouse we can move the cursor very quickly. [01:07.84]這是鼠標，用它可以快速移動光標。 [01:10.63]Look at the screen, See the little line that blinks? [01:12.93]你看屏幕，看見那個閃爍的小線沒有？ [01:15.23]That's the cursor. [01:16.17]那就是光標。 [01:17.11]You can begin to type there. [01:18.88]你可以從那兒開始打字。 [01:20.66]B: But I don't want to type there. [01:22.01]可是我不要在那兒打。 [01:23.35]A: Then move the cursor. [01:24.59]那就移動光標。 [01:25.83]Watch, I'll hold the mouse in my hand. [01:28.00]注意看，我手握鼠標。 [01:30.17]Now I'll move it across the table. [01:31.91]然后在桌面上移動。 [01:33.64]See the cursor move? [01:34.69]看見光標動了吧？ [01:35.73]Dialogue 4 [01:36.88]句型4 [01:38.03]A: I tried to copy a letter to another disk. [01:40.07]我試著把一封信拷貝到另一個磁盤。 [01:42.11]But I pressed the wrong key. [01:43.65]但是按錯了鍵。 [01:45.19]I erased my most important letter. [01:47.19]把最要緊的信給刪除了。 [01:49.19]B: That's all right. [01:50.00]不要緊。 [01:50.81]We always have a backup copy. [01:52.18]我們一向有備份。 [01:53.55]A:I don't know .I deleted the backup. too. [01:55.89]我不知道行不行。我把備份也刪除了。 [01:58.23]B: Well, we still have a hard copy. [01:59.79]哦，我們還有輸出的副本。 [02:01.36]It's in the file cabinet. [02:02.54]它就在檔案柜里。 [02:03.71]Passsage Computer Virus [02:05.94]計算機病毒 [02:08.18]Professional Terms [02:09.68]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [02:11.18]employee n. [02:13.09]雇員 [02:15.00]essential a. [02:17.20]本質(zhì)的 [02:19.41]favorite a. [02:21.28]特別喜愛的 [02:23.15]hire vt. [02:24.99]雇傭 [02:26.83]integrity n. [02:28.87]完整（性） [02:30.90]intentionally ad. [02:32.97]有意地 [02:35.03]intervention n. [02:36.70]干預 [02:38.38]motive n. [02:39.94]動機 [02:41.51]pervasiveness n. [02:43.72]彌漫，蔓延 [02:45.92]replicate vt. [02:47.86]重復 [02:49.79]subsequently ad. [02:51.96]以下 [02:54.13]subtly ad. [02:56.00]微妙的 [02:57.86]unaffected ad. [03:00.29]未受影響的 [03:02.72]uninfected a. [03:05.09]未受傳染的 [03:07.45]virus a. [03:09.36]病毒 [03:11.26]whatever n. [03:13.11]不管怎樣的，任何的 [03:14.95]What is a computer virus? [03:16.95]何謂計算機病毒？ [03:18.94]A computer virus is one kind of threat to the security and integrity of computer systems. [03:23.20]計算機病毒是危極計算機系統(tǒng)安全與完整的一種威脅。 [03:27.46]Like other threats ,a computer virus can cause the loss or alteration of programs or data. [03:31.68]象其它威脅一樣的是，計算機病毒可以引起程序或數(shù)據(jù)的丟失或改變。 [03:35.90]Unlike many other threats,a computer virus can be spread from program to program and from system to system without direct human intervention. [03:43.79]與很多其它威脅不同的是，計算機病毒可以在沒有人的直接干預下，從一個程序傳播到另一個程序，從一個系統(tǒng)傳播到另一個系統(tǒng)。 [03:51.68]notes [03:52.48]注意事項 [03:53.29]He was covered with snow from head to foot. [03:55.96]他身上從頭到腳都是雪。 [03:58.62]He stuck to his post from beginning to end. [04:01.09]他自始至終一直堅守崗位。 [04:03.56]The essential component of a virus is a set of instructions which [04:06.59]計算機病毒的基本組成部分是這樣一組指令， [04:09.62]when executed ,spreads itself to other ,previously unaffected, programs or files. [04:14.10]當這組指令被執(zhí)行時，它就會被傳播到本來沒受過影響的程序或文件上。 [04:18.58]First , it copies itself into previously uninfected programs or files. [04:22.50]第一種作用是要把它自身拷貝到以前未受感染的程序或文件上。 [04:26.42]Second (perhaps after a specific number of executions, or on a specific date) it executes whatever other instructions the virus author included in it. [04:34.37]第二種作用是（也許是在某特定的執(zhí)行次數(shù)以后，或者在某個特定日期）執(zhí)行病毒作者所隱含在其中的別的什么指令。 [04:42.33]Depending on the motives of the virus author, these instructions can do anything at all. [04:46.58]根據(jù)病毒作者的動機，這些指令完全能做出任何事情。 [04:50.84]including displaying a message ,erasing files or subtly altering stored data. [04:55.56]包括：顯示某種信息，抹去某些文件或微妙地改變存儲的數(shù)據(jù)。 [05:00.27]In some cases ,a virus may contain no intentionally harmful or disruptive instructions at all. [05:05.29]在某些情況下，某種病毒可能一點沒有包含什么故意有害的或破壞性的指令。 [05:10.30]Instead , it may cause damage by replicating itself and taking up scarce resources, such as disk space, CPU time ,or network connections. [05:18.62]而是通過自身的重復和占去某些值得的資源（如磁盤空間、CPU時間或網(wǎng)絡連接等）來造成破壞。 [05:26.94]Let us now examine a particular sequence of events by which virus could enter an organization and spread within it . [05:31.99]現(xiàn)在讓我們來觀察一個特殊系列事件，通過這些事件，病毒進入一個機構(gòu)并廣為傳播。 [05:37.03]Suppose that the organization hires an outside person to come in and perform some work. [05:41.01]假設(shè)這個機構(gòu)在外面雇傭了一個外來人員來完成這項工作。 [05:44.99]Part of that person's work involves working on one of the organization's personal computers. [05:48.76]這項工作的一部分要在該機構(gòu)的一臺個人計算機上操作。 [05:52.52]The person brings in a few programs to aid in this work, such as a favorite text editor. [05:56.84]此人為了有助于工作的進行，帶來了一些程序，如一個適用的文本編輯程序。 [06:01.16]Without the person having realized it ,the text editor may be infected with a virus. [06:05.88]在無人意識到的情況下，這個文本編輯程序可能會染上了一種病毒。 [06:10.59]Notes [06:11.21]注意事項 [06:11.82]Using that editor on one of the organization's machines causes the virus to spread from the editor to one of the progarams stored on the organization's machine,perhaps to a spreadsheet program. [06:21.03]因此在機構(gòu)中的任一臺計算機上對編輯程序的使用，都會導致病毒從編輯程序傳播到該機構(gòu)計算機內(nèi)所存儲的某個程序上，也許是傳播到了一個電子表格程序上。 [06:30.24]When an employee uses that spreadsheet subsequently, the virus can be spread to another progarm. [06:35.12]后來，當某個雇員使用這個電子表格程序時，病毒就又可能傳播到另一個程序上。 [06:40.01]perhaps to a directory listing progam that the employee keeps on the same floppy disk as the spreadsheet data files. [06:45.95]也許是傳播到了另一個由該雇員保存的與電子表格程序存儲在同一個軟盤上的目錄列表程序上。 [06:51.89]The listing program is then infected. [06:54.13]于是這個列表程序也就染上了病毒， [06:56.36]and the infection can be spread to other computers to which this floppy disk is taken. [06:59.76]而且這種感染又可以傳播到使用過這張軟盤的其它一些計算機上。 [07:03.15]If the employee's computer is connected to the organization's network. [07:06.25]如果雇員的個人計算機與該機構(gòu)的網(wǎng)絡相連， [07:09.34]the employee may send the listing program to another user over the network. [07:13.43]那么，雇員就可以把這個列表程序傳送給網(wǎng)絡上的另一位用戶。 [07:17.52]In either case, the virus can spread to more users, and more machines, via floppy disks or networks. [07:23.62]不管是哪一種情況，通過軟盤或網(wǎng)絡，病毒就會傳播給更多的用戶和更多的計算機上。 [07:29.72]Each copy of the virus can make multiple copies of itself and can infect any program to which it has access. [07:35.04]病毒的每一次復制，就會導致病毒本身的多次復制，并且使它曾訪問過的任一程序受到感染。 [07:40.35]As a result , the virus may be able to spread throughout the organization in a relatively short time. [07:44.74]結(jié)果，在一個相當短的時間內(nèi)，病毒就能在該機構(gòu)之內(nèi)到處肆虐。 [07:49.13]Each of the infected programs in each of the infected machines can execute whatever other instructions the virus author intended. [07:55.33]在每臺受到感染計算機內(nèi)的每個受到感染的程序，就可能執(zhí)行病毒作者原想要執(zhí)行的任何指令。 [08:01.54]If these instructions are harmful or disruptive ,the pervasivences of the virus may cause widespread harm [08:06.92]如果這些指令是有害的，有破壞性的，那么病毒的蔓延就可能引起廣泛的破壞。 [08:12.30]Traditional security measures have attempted to limit the number of security incidents to an acceptable level. [08:17.25]傳統(tǒng)的安全措施，曾試圖限制安全性事件發(fā)生的數(shù)目到一個可接受的水平。 [08:22.20]A single incident of lost files in a year may be acceptable loss, for instance. [08:26.05]例如，在一年中只發(fā)生一次文件丟失，這樣的損失可能是可接受的。 [08:29.91]While this is important it only addresses partial,because single virus is able to spread throughout an organization. [08:34.42]雖然這是個重要問題，這只是表明了病毒的部分問題，因為單個病毒可能傳遍整個機構(gòu)。 [08:38.94]the damage that it could cause may be much greater than what could be caused by any individual computer user. [08:44.65]所以它引起的破壞就會比任何單個計算機用戶引起的破壞大的多。 [08:50.36]Limiting the number of initial vital infections of an organization is important,but it is often not feasible to prevent them entirely. [08:56.56]限制某機構(gòu)初始嚴重感染病毒的數(shù)目，是至關(guān)重要的，但對它們的完全杜絕又常常不大可能。 [09:02.77]As a result ,it is important to be able to deal with them when they occur ,and to take actions to erase them. [09:07.81]因此，重要的是，當它們一旦發(fā)生時，有能力對付它們并能采取措施消除它們。 [09:12.85]Chapter 8 Computer Language [09:15.38]第八章 計算機語言 [09:17.92]Dialogue 1 [09:19.66]句型1 [09:21.39]A: How do you pay for your ISP service? [09:23.43]你怎么付你的ISP費用？ [09:25.47]B:I pay for 20 hours at a time .When that is almost gone . I pay for some more. [09:29.58]我一次買20個小時，快用光時就再付。 [09:33.70]A: Where do you have to go to pay? [09:35.69]你到哪里付款？ [09:37.69]B:Oh, I just deposit the money in a postal account, so I can do it from any post office. [09:41.48]哦，我用郵政劃撥，所以任何一家郵局都可以。 [09:45.27]Dialogue 2 [09:46.55]句型2 [09:47.83]A: I think I need to find a new ISP. [09:50.43]我想我需要打一家新的網(wǎng)絡供應商。 [09:53.03]B: Are your download times too slow with your present provider? [09:55.56]是不是目前的供應商的下載速度太慢？ [09:58.09]A:The download times are OK. but I'm spending too much money for my Internet connection. [10:02.05]下載時間還好，只是上網(wǎng)花錢太多了。 [10:06.01]B:Maybe your ISP has some cheaper operations you could check on. [10:09.37]也許你的供應商有比較便宜的選擇，你可以問問看。 [10:12.72]Dialogue 3 [10:14.72]句型3 [10:16.72]A: How much time do you spend on-line every month? [10:19.32]每個月你花多少時間上線？ [10:21.92]B: I pay for unlimited access, so I don't keep very close track of my hours ,How about you? [10:26.93]我買的是無限時使用，所以沒有很注意時間。你呢？ [10:31.95]A:Right now, I'm using about 12 hours every month. [10:34.57]目前我每個月大概用12小時。 [10:37.20]Dialogue 4 [10:38.64]句型4 [10:40.07]A: I keep getting a printer error every time I try to print this picture .Do you know what the problem is? [10:46.38]每次要打印這張圖，我的打印機就出問題，你知道問題在哪里嗎？ [10:52.69]B:The problem is with your printer, What I mean is that you're using a dot-matrix printer. It's not capable of printing complex graphics files. [11:01.40]問題在你的打印機。我的意思是說，你用的是點陣式打印機，無法印出復雜的圖畫文檔。 [11:10.11]A:So if I want to print this file, I have to get a new printer? [11:14.03]那么說我要印出這張圖，就得換臺新的打印機嗎？ [11:17.95]B: I'm afraid so. [11:19.06]恐怕如此。 [11:20.17]passage Computer Language [11:22.67]計算機語言 [11:25.16]Professional Terms [11:26.31]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [11:27.46]symbolic a. [11:29.43]符號的 [11:31.40]interactive a. [11:33.31]交互式，交互的 [11:35.22]permit v. [11:36.86]允許，許可 [11:38.51]interpreter n. [11:40.48]解釋程序 [11:42.45]numberical a. [11:44.32]數(shù)字的 [11:46.19]moderate a. [11:48.16]適度的，中等的 [11:50.13]originally ad. [11:51.98]原來，最初 [11:53.82]loosely ad. [11:55.66]松馳地，寬松地 [11:57.50]subscript n. [11:59.30]下標 [12:01.11]protect v. [12:02.91]保護 [12:04.71]operand n. [12:06.49]操作數(shù)，運算對象 [12:08.26]variable adj. [12:10.04]可變的，變量 [12:11.82]subroutine n. [12:14.15]子程序 [12:16.49]algorithmic n. [12:18.62]算法，計算 [12:20.75]commercial n. [12:22.55]商業(yè)的 [12:24.35]BASIC( Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a popular interactive language that has wide-spread appeal because it is easy to use. [12:31.68]BASIC（初學者通用符號指令代碼）是一種通用交互式語言，由于易于使用，引起人們廣泛的愛好。 [12:39.01]An interactive language permits direct communication between user and computer suystem during the preparation and use of programs. [12:45.54]交互式語言能在程序的準備和使用期間把用戶和計算機系統(tǒng)直接聯(lián)系起來。 [12:52.07]A problem solver with little or no knowledge of computers or programming can learn to write BASIC programs at a remoter terminal or microcomputer keyboard in a short period of time. [13:01.12]一個要解決問題的人，無論有沒有計算機或者編程知識，都能用很短的時間在遠程終端或計算機鍵盤上編寫B(tài)ASIC語言程序。 [13:10.17]Notes [13:11.41]注意事項 [13:12.65]A problem solver with little or no knowledge of computers or programming can learn to write BASIC programs at a remote terminal or mircrocomputer keyboard in a short period of time. [13:20.37]一個要解決問題的人，無論有沒有計算機或者編程知識，都能用很短的時間在遠程終端或計算機鍵盤上編寫B(tài)ASIC語言程序。 [13:28.09]It is also easy to insert changes and additions into a BASIC program [13:31.58]在BASIC程序中插入修改也是很容易的。 [13:35.07]BASIC is now by far the most popular high-level language used in microcomputer system. [13:39.29]目前，BASIC是微機系統(tǒng)中最為通用的一種高級程序語言。 [13:43.51]Interpreters are generally used in microcomputer systems to translate BASIC instructions into machine-langage code. [13:49.41]解釋程序通常在微機系統(tǒng)中用來把BASIC指令翻譯成機器代碼。 [13:55.31]FORTRAN ( Formula translator) is a popular language for mathematical and scientific computation. [14:00.59]FORTRAN在數(shù)學和科學計算中是一種普遍使用的語言。 [14:05.87]Its numerical abilities are strong( particularly its ability to handle complex numbers) although it is weak in handling character strings .It is of moderate difficulty to learn and use. [14:15.35]它的數(shù)值處理能力很強（尤其是處理復數(shù)的能力），不過處理字符串的能力較弱，學習和使用這種語言的難度適中。 [14:24.83]BASIC is widely used in today's microcomputer systems. [14:28.36]BASIC泛用于當今的微機系統(tǒng)中。 [14:31.88]BASIC was originally designed as a teaching language loosely based on FORTRAN and is simple to learn. [14:36.99]它最初被設(shè)計成一種教學語言，在大體上以FORTRAN為基礎(chǔ)簡單易學。 [14:42.10]However ,its capabilities are limited compared to most other high-level languages. [14:45.72]然而，與大多數(shù)其它高級語言相比較，它處理能力是有限的。 [14:49.33]The higher language goes by different names. [14:52.00]各種高級語言可依據(jù)不同的名字來區(qū)分。 [14:54.66]FORTRAN(FORmula TRANslation) was the first. [14:57.20]FORTRAN（公式翻譯）是最早出現(xiàn)的高級語言， [14:59.73]and nwo we also have ALGOL (algorithmic Language) [15:02.70]目前，我們還有ALGOL（算法語言）， [15:05.66]BASIC ( Beginner's ALL-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) [15:08.43]BASIC（初學者通用符號指令代碼）， [15:11.20]COBOL ( Common Business Oriented Language) [15:13.60]COBOL（面向公共商業(yè)的語言）， [15:16.00]LISP(LIST Processing) PASCAL and ADA ( named after Ada Lovelace Charles Babbage's assistant) [15:22.64]LISP（表處理），PASCAL及ADA（以查爾斯·巴貝奇的助手Ada· Lovelace之名而定名）。 [15:29.28]Each has been designed to meet a particular purpose; [15:31.87]每一種語言都被設(shè)計用來滿足特定的目的： [15:34.47]FORTRAN, PASCAL ,ALGOL and BASIC are mathematically oriented. [15:38.26]FORTRAN、PASCAL、ALGOL和BASIC都是面向數(shù)學計算的。 [15:42.05]COBOL is used for commercial purposes. [15:44.02]COBOL則用于商業(yè)。

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