blame game
negative campaigning
美國選民每四年不僅要選舉一位總統(tǒng),而且還要選舉四百三十五名國會議員、至少三十三名參議員以及在州一級和基層的許多官員。在競選的過程中,每個候選人為了當(dāng)選總是想方設(shè)法地抬高自己,貶低別人。他們用的策略之一就是:blame game。
Blame是責(zé)怪或指責(zé)的意思,game在這里是指策略或者是手法。Blame game是候選人把造成某些社會問題的責(zé)任推到競選對手身上去的手法,那怕他明明知道這是他自己的責(zé)任。下面這位候選人對選民說的話就是一個例子:
例句-1: I'm not going to play the blame game and say who's at fault that so many people are out of work. But I have to tell you my opponent did vote against three bills to create new jobs.
這句話是說:"我不會把造成那么多人失業(yè)的責(zé)任推給別人,我不會使用那種推卸責(zé)任的把戲。但是,我得告訴你們,在國會就三項有關(guān)創(chuàng)造新就業(yè)機會的提案投票時,我的對手投的是反對票。"
下面這個例子是對杜魯門總統(tǒng)的評論:
例句-2: Harry Truman, who was President from 1945 to 1952, was one man who did not play the blame game. He had a sign on his desk: The Buck Stops Here.
這是說:"杜魯門從1945到1952年擔(dān)任美國總統(tǒng)。他是一個不推卸責(zé)任的人,他在桌子上放了一塊牌子,上面寫著'我負責(zé)'這幾個字。"
******
和blame game相似的一個俗語是:negative campaigning。Negative是反面的意思,campaigning就是競選。那么,什么是negative campaigning呢?下面這句話就回答了這個問題:
例句-3: A listener just called in to ask what I mean by negative campaigning. Well, it means a candidate's main strategy is to tell voters how bad the other guy is instead of talking about how good he is himself.
他說:"一位聽眾剛才打電話來問什么是negative campaigning。Negative campaigning它的意思就是一個候選人采用的主要策略是告訴選民他的對手是如何的壞,以避免說自己是如何如何的好。"
下面是另一個例子:
例句-3: Some political observers say that negative campaigning isn't working this year - that voters want to hear positive ideas about how to create new jobs and give people better health care.
這句話是說:有些政治觀察家說,盡力貶低對方的反面競選方式今年行不通了。選民們要聽積極的主意,像如何增加就業(yè)機會、為公眾提供更好的保健措施等。"