November 14 :The little Carnival1)
The true Carnival ushers in the dreariness2) of Lent3). In Cyprus4) and parts of Greece, the Little Carnival ushers in the Advent season, which, for purists, is also a time of abstinence5). Many observe a forty-day fast, and generally no meat, sweets, or fats are eaten from November 15 until Christmas. So the Little Carnival is a last fling, a binge6). Throughout the preceding week, Cypriots travel into the town from all over the countryside, just to shop for tonight’s feast. Nobody wants to be, as the saying goes, “caught barefooted and naked”when the Little Carnival arrives. For many country people, this constitutes a rare visit to town, so this has also become known as the time for replenishing7) household supplies, clothes, and shoes. An essential item at the feast is a type of sesame-seed-studded pastry, which is baked in the shapes of men and women, animals and farm implements, each with a little dough cross superimposed8) on top. One of these cookies is hung from a beam or placed before a household icon and left there for good luck until the next year’s Little Carnival.
In southernmost Greece’s Mani region, feasters gorge on a type of deep-fried knots and twists of sourdough. These are eaten with roasted meat, sprinkled with cheese, or drizzled with honey. Their very fragrance, it is said, signifies the start of the Christmas season.
11月14日:小狂歡節(jié)
隨著正式的狂歡節(jié)到來的, 是枯燥的大齋期。在塞浦路斯和希臘部分地區(qū), 小狂歡節(jié)之后便是基督降臨節(jié), 這對純粹主義者來說, 也是齋戒的時(shí)節(jié)。許多人奉行40天的齋戒, 從11月15日起直至圣誕節(jié)到來之前, 一般不吃肉、糖和油。因此, 小狂歡節(jié)是最后一次盡情歡樂的機(jī)會, 是狂歡的機(jī)會。在此之前的整整一周時(shí)間里, 塞浦路斯人從四面八方的鄉(xiāng)村來到城里, 為這一晚的盛宴購物。誰也不愿在節(jié)日到來時(shí)像俗話所說的那樣, “顯得赤身光腳”。對許多鄉(xiāng)村的人來說, 這是一次難得的進(jìn)城的機(jī)會, 因此也成了添置居家物品、衣服和鞋子的時(shí)機(jī)。宴會時(shí)必不可少的一樣?xùn)|西是一種撒滿芝麻的面點(diǎn), 被烤成男人、女人、動(dòng)物和農(nóng)具的形狀。每個(gè)面點(diǎn)上都放著一個(gè)小小的面制十字架。其中的一個(gè)面點(diǎn)掛在橫梁上或放在家中的圣像前面, 一直放到來年的小狂歡節(jié), 祈求好運(yùn)。
在希臘最南部的馬尼地區(qū), 參加宴會的人要大吃一種用酵頭發(fā)酵的油炸麻花, 同時(shí)還吃抹上奶酪或?yàn)⑸戏涿鄣目救?。?jù)說它們散發(fā)出來的香味就表明圣誕季節(jié)開始了。
NOTE 注釋:
carnival [5kB:nivEl] n. 狂歡節(jié), 飲宴狂歡
dreariness [5driErinis] n. 沉寂, 可怕, 凄涼
Lent [lent] n. 〈宗〉四旬齋
Cyprus [5saiprEs] n. (地中海東部一島)塞浦路
abstinence [5AbstinEns] n. 〈宗〉齋戒
binge [bindV] n. 狂鬧, 狂歡
replenish [ri5pleniF] v. 補(bǔ)充,添置
superimpose [5sju:pErim5pEuz] v. 置于他物之上;添加