December 31-- European New Year’s Eve
On New Year’s Eve, Bulgarians1) perform fortunetelling tricks with leaves and water glasses. Finns have been known to do the same with molten2) tin and buckets. In the lower Rhine, it was once customary3) to play cards frenziedly4) until the stroke of midnight. The Greeks, too, play cards and sing songs about Saint Basil;and the Belgians and Swiss remember Sylvester with the custom of calling the last person to awaken in a household on New Year’s Eve morning, man or woman, a “Sylvester.” An old custom in Madrid involved standing at the foot of the Puerta del Sol, in front of the Department of the Interior, where a huge clock strikes the hours, and to swallow, at the stroke of twelve, twelve grapes one after the other. The Viennese counterpart was the custom of releasing live pigs in restaurants at midnight, at which point the diners raced around chasing them. More sedate Austrians call New Year’s Eve“smoke night, ”and content themselves with ritually5) purifying homes and storehouses with incense6) and holy water. Latvians hold masquerade7) parties, and Rumanians sing a carol concerning Emperor Trajan and a bull.
12月31日:歐洲人的除夕
在除夕那天, 保加利亞人用樹葉和水杯算命玩。據(jù)說芬蘭人也一樣, 只不過是用鑄造的錫塊和水桶來玩。在萊茵河下游, 過去人們瘋狂地玩牌直至午夜鐘聲敲響。希臘人也玩牌, 同時還唱歌頌圣巴西勒的歌曲。比利時人和瑞士人有紀(jì)念西爾維斯特的習(xí)俗, 稱家中在除夕的早上最后一位醒來的男士或女士為“西爾維斯特”。在馬德里有一個古老習(xí)俗:人們站在內(nèi)政部前的太陽門前, 當(dāng)大鐘敲響12點的時候, 他們就一口氣吞下12顆葡萄。維也納人的習(xí)俗是在午夜放掉餐館里的活豬, 而此時在餐館用餐的人就跑去追趕它們。相對安靜的奧地利人稱除夕為“煙夜”。他們會像舉行儀式般地用焚香和圣水來熏灑房子和倉庫, 能這樣做他們就心滿意足了。拉脫維亞人舉行化裝舞會。羅馬尼亞人則唱圣歌, 歌頌圖拉真皇帝和公牛。
NOTE 注釋:
1. Bulgarian [bQl5^ZEriEn] n. 保加利亞人[語]
2. molten [5mEultEn] adj. 熔鑄的
3. customary [5kQstEmEri] adj. 習(xí)慣的, 慣例的
4. frenziedly [5frenzidli] adv. 瘋狂地
5. ritually [5ritjuEli] adv. 依據(jù)儀式上地, 儀式上地
6. incense [in5sens] n. 熏香, 熏香的煙
7. masquerade [7mAskE5reid, mB:s-] n. 化妝舞會