為什么“冰火山”會(huì)在密歇根湖噴發(fā)

為什么“冰火山”會(huì)在密歇根湖噴發(fā)

A cold snap in the Great Lakes region has spurred the formation of “ice volcanoes” across the lake: conical structures of snow and ice on the lake’s surface that expel water, à la lava from a volcano.

五大湖地區(qū)的寒流促使湖上形成了“冰火山”:湖面上的雪和冰形成的圓錐形結(jié)構(gòu)，像火山噴出的熔巖一樣排出水。

The National Weather Service’s Twitter account for the Grand Rapids region shared an image of the unusual phenomenon over the weekend.

上周末，美國(guó)國(guó)家氣象局(National Weather Service)的大急流城(Grand Rapids)地區(qū)推特(Twitter)賬戶分享了這一罕見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象的圖片。

The caption read, “It was a great day to visit the beach and watch the waves interact with the ice. Here’s a couple ‘ice volcanoes’ erupting at Oval Beach on Sunday, February 16, 2020.”

圖片解釋道:“這是參觀海灘、觀看海浪與冰面互動(dòng)的美好一天。2020年2月16日，周日，在橢圓海灘上，一對(duì)‘冰火山’正在噴發(fā)。”

Meteorologist Tom Niziol, formerly of the Weather Channel and NWS and now a writer for the Category 6 blog on WeatherUnderground.com, calls these “some of the best photos of ice volcanoes” he’s ever seen. On Facebook, he explained the physics behind the bizarre sighting.

氣象學(xué)家Tom Niziol，以前是氣象頻道和國(guó)家氣象局的工作人員，現(xiàn)在是WeatherUnderground.com網(wǎng)站上第6類博客的作者，他稱這些是他所見(jiàn)過(guò)的“冰火山的最佳照片”。在Facebook上，他解釋了這一奇怪現(xiàn)象背后的物理學(xué)原理。

“They form as water is pushed under the ice sheet and as the pressure builds up the water shoots out through holes in the ice. If its very cold, then that spray freezes up eventually building a cone like the ones we see here,” Niziol wrote.

“它們的形成是由于水被推到冰原下，隨著壓力的增加，水從冰洞中噴出。如果天氣很冷，這些水霧就會(huì)結(jié)冰，最終形成一個(gè)圓錐形，就像我們?cè)谶@里看到的一樣。”Niziol寫道。

He also warned lake-goers that these hills were not made for climbing.

他還提醒湖上的游客，這些山可不是用來(lái)攀登的。

The Greak Lakes are known for cold weather curiosities. On other occasions, these prehistoric glacial lakes may freeze over then shatter to create a blanket of ice shards across the body of water, or transform lakefront homes into giant igloos as a result of frozen water spray. Sometimes, the ambient temperature drops so quickly that the warmer water on the surface begins to vaporize instantly, which makes the lake appear to be boiling.

格里亞克湖以寒冷的天氣而聞名。在其他情況下，這些史前冰川湖可能會(huì)凍結(jié)，然后碎裂，在水體上形成一層冰碎片，或者由于冰凍的水噴濺而把湖邊的房屋變成巨大的冰屋。有時(shí)，環(huán)境溫度下降得如此之快，以至于湖面上較溫暖的水開(kāi)始立即蒸發(fā)，這使得湖水看起來(lái)像是在沸騰。