又高又瘦的女性更長(zhǎng)壽

想在晚上大快朵頤，然后做一名稱職的沙發(fā)土豆的你，先來(lái)看看下面這項(xiàng)研究。荷蘭一所大學(xué)的研究顯示，人的身形，包括身高和體重，以及每天鍛煉的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，都與壽命有關(guān)。

 

 

Young women practising yoga

A woman’s height and weight appear to play a greater part in her chance of enjoying a long life than a man’s, according to a study investigating a person's likelihood of reaching the age of 90.

一項(xiàng)有關(guān)人活到90歲概率的調(diào)查研究顯示，相較于男性，女性的身高和體重似乎在長(zhǎng)壽方面發(fā)揮了更大的作用。

Women who are taller than average, standing at 5ft 9 inches or above, were 31 percent more likely to enter their ninth decade compared with those standing at 5ft 3 inches or less, the study published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Healthsuggested. The same result wasn’t found in men.

一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，身高高于平均水平(即身高在175厘米以上)的女性活到90歲的概率比身高在160厘米以下的女性高31%。同樣的結(jié)果在男性身上沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)。研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《流行病學(xué)和社區(qū)衛(wèi)生》期刊上。

The researchers at Maastricht University wanted to answer why the spike in life expectancies in Western countries has plateaued in recent decades. In the US, that figure currently stands at 78.6. Existing work indicates the obesity epidemic could be one culprit, as well as low levels of exercise.

荷蘭馬斯特里赫特大學(xué)的研究人員想要找出西方國(guó)家預(yù)期壽命增長(zhǎng)近幾十年來(lái)進(jìn)入停滯期的原因。美國(guó)當(dāng)前的人口預(yù)期壽命停留在78.6歲。目前的研究顯示，普遍肥胖和缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)可能是其中的兩個(gè)原因。

plateau ['plæt??]：vi.進(jìn)入停滯期;達(dá)到穩(wěn)定時(shí)期

Most past studies into longevity featured only men, or a combination of men and women. This work, therefore, offers a new perspective by looking into how BMI (an individual’s weight divided by height squared) and exercise levels might affect the lifespan of men and women separately. Women tend to live longer than men due to factors including differing lifestyles on average, as well as genetics and hormones, the authors wrote.

過去大多數(shù)對(duì)壽命的研究主要針對(duì)男性，或者將男性和女性兩個(gè)群體一起研究。然而，這項(xiàng)研究通過分析身高體重指數(shù)(BMI，體重除以身高的平方)和運(yùn)動(dòng)水平分別對(duì)男性和女性的壽命產(chǎn)生何種影響，提供了一個(gè)新的視角。研究報(bào)告稱，由于生活方式的普遍差異、基因及荷爾蒙等原因，女性的壽命往往比男性長(zhǎng)。

To investigate, the team used data from the Netherlands Cohort Study, which was started in 1986, and collected information on over 120,000 men and women aged between 55 to 69 years old living in 204 Dutch municipalities.

為進(jìn)行調(diào)查，研究小組使用了1986年啟動(dòng)的荷蘭人群健康研究項(xiàng)目的數(shù)據(jù)，并收集了居住在204個(gè)荷蘭市鎮(zhèn)、年齡在55歲至69歲之間的12萬(wàn)多名男女的信息。

From this pool, the researchers assessed data from on 3,646 male and 4,161 female respondents born between 1916 and 1917.

研究人員對(duì)在1916年至1917年出生的3646名男性受訪者和4161名女性受訪者的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。

At the start of the study, the respondents answered questions about their lives (like how much they smoked, drank alcohol and spent walking per day), and detailed variables such as their weight, height, and their weight when they were 20 years old. Participants were categorized into three groups: those who exercised for less than 30 minutes; between 30 to 60 minutes; and for 1.5 hours or more.

在研究開始時(shí)，參與者回答了一些關(guān)于生活的問題，比如每天抽幾支煙、喝幾杯酒、走多少路等等，以及體重、身高和20歲時(shí)的體重等變量。參與者被分為三組——每天鍛煉時(shí)間在30分鐘以下的;30-60分鐘的;1.5小時(shí)以上的。

In women aged between 68 to 70, their height, current BMI and their weight gain since the age of 20 were associated with reaching the age of 90.

在68歲至70歲的女性中，她們的身高、目前的BMI及20歲以來(lái)的體重增加情況都與其能否活到90歲有關(guān)。

And while exercising was found to boost the lifespan, working out for one hour a day was best suited to women before the effects plateaued. In men, there was no such cap.

盡管研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，鍛煉也能延長(zhǎng)壽命，但對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)每天鍛煉1小時(shí)最佳，之后的鍛煉作用就到頂了。對(duì)男性來(lái)說(shuō)，不存在這個(gè)時(shí)間上限。

Men who worked out for more than 90 minutes per day were 39 percent more likely to see their 90th birthday than those who exercised for 30 minutes or less. In women, those who engaged in physical activity for 30 to 60 minutes were a fifth more likely to hit the age of 90, compared with those who engaged in half an hour of physical activity.

較之每天鍛煉半小時(shí)及以下的男性來(lái)說(shuō)，每天鍛煉超過1.5小時(shí)的男性活到90歲的幾率要高出39%。而與每天鍛煉不到半小時(shí)的女性相比，每天鍛煉半小時(shí)到1小時(shí)的女性更可能活到90歲。

However, in men who had never smoked (10 percent of the cohort) a high BMI appeared to lower the chance of reaching 90 years of age. Study author Lloyd Brandts, of the Maastricht University Department of Epidemiology, told Newsweek: “But the number of never-smoking individuals was too small to conclude anything about this.”

然而，對(duì)那些從不吸煙的男性來(lái)說(shuō)(占10%)，BMI指數(shù)較高會(huì)降低活到90歲的幾率。研究報(bào)告作者、馬斯特里赫特大學(xué)流行病學(xué)系的勞埃德-布蘭茨告訴《新聞周刊》說(shuō)：“但從不吸煙的人非常少，可能證據(jù)也不是很充分。”

“These finding indicate that both body size and physical activity are related to lifespan, but that these associations seem to differ between men and women. We advise the readers to adapt a healthy weight and at least 60 min of physical activity a day,” he said.

他說(shuō)：“這些研究顯示，身高和體重以及體力活動(dòng)和壽命有關(guān)。但這些聯(lián)系在男性和女性身上有不同的表現(xiàn)。我們建議讀者保持健康的體重，每天最少鍛煉1小時(shí)。”