改革印記：從彩電冰箱“四大件”到“買遍全球”

11月10日，首屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)在上海閉幕。預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)15年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品和服務(wù)將分別超過(guò)30萬(wàn)億美元和10萬(wàn)億美元。

改革開(kāi)放40年，中國(guó)一步步晉升為“世界工廠”，又逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?ldquo;世界市場(chǎng)”，一邊是中國(guó)企業(yè)“賣全球”，另一邊則是企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者“買全球”。

從側(cè)重?cái)U(kuò)大出口到更加注重進(jìn)口，這40年見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)逐步對(duì)外開(kāi)放的歷史進(jìn)程。

1978-1988: NEW LOOK 新面貌

A 1978 Japanese documentary, China's New Look, featured a scene that said everything about what the Chinese craved back then. In front of an old-fashioned television set, dozens of Shanghainese gathered around to watch a TV show.

1978年，一部名為《中國(guó)的新面貌》的日本紀(jì)錄片中有一個(gè)場(chǎng)景展示了當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)年代，中國(guó)人普遍追求的東西。鏡頭里面，一群上海人圍在一個(gè)老式電視機(jī)前一起看電視劇。

In 1981, only one out of every 170 urban households in China had a color television. Having a TV set at home was something worth boasting about, especially when a man would propose.

1981年，中國(guó)每170戶城鎮(zhèn)居民家中只有一戶擁有一臺(tái)彩色電視機(jī)。家里有臺(tái)電視是一件值得炫耀的事情，男士們?nèi)ヌ嵊H的時(shí)候尤其如此。

As China started to open its doors to foreign manufacturers, a TV, a refrigerator and a washing machine became a "must-have" home appliances set for a typical middle-class family.

隨著中國(guó)向外國(guó)制造商打開(kāi)大門，電視、冰箱、洗衣機(jī)成為中產(chǎn)家庭的必備電器。

"With more electronic products available, color televisions, cassette recorders, stereo components, record players and electronic games and toys, which were only a dream just a decade ago, can now be found in millions of Chinese homes," read a Xinhua story in 1987.

新華社1987年的一篇文章指出：“隨著電子產(chǎn)品越來(lái)越多，彩電、錄音機(jī)、音響組件、唱片機(jī)、電子游戲以及玩具等10年前僅存在于夢(mèng)里的東西，如今已走入千家萬(wàn)戶。”

1988-1998: WEST MEETS EAST 當(dāng)西方遇見(jiàn)東方

In October 1990, the first outlet of McDonald's on the Chinese mainland opened for business in Shenzhen, a southern city at the forefront of China's opening-up.

1990年10月，麥當(dāng)勞在中國(guó)大陸的第一家分店在深圳開(kāi)張，深圳是中國(guó)開(kāi)放的前沿城市。

The western fast-food chain quickly became the hottest tourist spot in town. Curious Chinese consumers lined up in front of the 20 cashiers of the three-story building, shouting to the staff "I want 10 big macs," recalled a trainee with McDonald's at that time.

這家西式快餐連鎖店迅速成為深圳最火的旅游景點(diǎn)。當(dāng)時(shí)的一位實(shí)習(xí)生回憶說(shuō)，那家店當(dāng)時(shí)有三層，一共有20個(gè)收銀臺(tái)，好奇的中國(guó)消費(fèi)者在收銀臺(tái)前排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，沖著店員喊“我要十個(gè)巨無(wú)霸。”

A meal at McDonald's was never so fast. China's new rich would line up at the fancy western restaurant for two hours to chat with friends, discuss businesses or even have a date.

在麥當(dāng)勞吃飯也絕不可能速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q。中國(guó)的新貴階層會(huì)在裝修考究的店里排隊(duì)2個(gè)小時(shí)，然后跟朋友聊天、談?wù)摴ぷ?，甚至還可以約個(gè)會(huì)。

While McDonald's stood for fashion, a Volkswagen's Santana car was a symbol for status. As many Chinese once said, somewhat jokingly: "As long as you have a Santana, you have nothing to fear driving all around the world."

如果麥當(dāng)勞代表時(shí)尚，那么大眾牌桑塔納轎車代表的就是地位。正如很多中國(guó)人曾經(jīng)開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)的：“擁有桑塔納，走遍天下都不怕。”

The German automaker set up its first joint venture (JV) with SAIC Motor in Shanghai in 1985. By the end of 1991, the JV produced more than 100,000 Santana cars in total.

1985年，德國(guó)大眾汽車公司與上汽集團(tuán)合作成立了首家合資企業(yè)。到1991年底，該合資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的桑塔納轎車超過(guò)10萬(wàn)輛。

Following the success, Volkswagen has been expanding its footprint in China, with the establishment of a second venture, FAW Volkswagen, in northeastern city of Changchun in 1991, and a third in Hefei, eastern Anhui province, in 2017.

順著成功的軌跡，大眾在中國(guó)不斷擴(kuò)大，1991年在長(zhǎng)春建立了第二家合資企業(yè)——一汽大眾，2017年在安徽省合肥市建立了第三家合資企業(yè)。

1998-2008: HERE COMES WTO 中國(guó)入世

For many Chinese, the year 2001 was pretty unforgettable. The year marked the start of a new millennium and led to a whole new era as China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO).

2001年對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)都是難忘的一年。這一年，是新千年的開(kāi)始。中國(guó)在這一年加入了世界貿(mào)易組織，開(kāi)啟了一個(gè)新的時(shí)代。

From 2001 to 2017, China's average growth of imports in commodities and services was more than twice the world's average.

2001年到2017年，中國(guó)在商品和服務(wù)方面的平均進(jìn)口增長(zhǎng)額是世界平均水平的兩倍還多。

China never paused to open its market wider in fear of competition. In the spring of 2007, the 101st session of Canton Fair, China's oldest trade fair that dated back to 1957, set up a new section for imports -- a signal that imports are no longer a "side dish" at China's trade events.

中國(guó)從來(lái)沒(méi)有因?yàn)楹ε赂?jìng)爭(zhēng)就停止開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)。2007年春，第101屆廣交會(huì)新設(shè)了一個(gè)進(jìn)口展區(qū)，這意味著進(jìn)口不再是中國(guó)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中的“配菜”。廣交會(huì)是中國(guó)歷史最悠久的貿(mào)易交易活動(dòng)，始于1957年。

2008-2018: NEW BEGINNING 新起點(diǎn)

Shanghai, a city of long-time commercial culture, is always a step ahead in China's foreign trade.

長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)都以商業(yè)文化著稱的上海，在中國(guó)的外貿(mào)領(lǐng)域總是走在前面。

In 2013, China established its first pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in Shanghai's Pudong New Area and expanded to a larger area in Pudong in 2015. It was announced on Nov. 5, the day the CIIE opened, that the Shanghai FTZ would expand further.

2013年，中國(guó)在上海浦東新區(qū)建立了首個(gè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)，在2015年在浦東范圍內(nèi)實(shí)施擴(kuò)展。11月5日，中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)開(kāi)幕當(dāng)天宣布上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。

Preferential policies in the FTZ, including the negative list for foreign investment and the cross-border renminbi capital pool policy, effectively boosted the development of many multinational companies.

外商投資負(fù)面清單以及跨境人民幣資金池等自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)的優(yōu)惠政策有效襲擊了很多跨國(guó)企業(yè)的發(fā)展。

In 2010, the city hosted the 2010 World Expo, a milestone that showcased China's sincere wish to open to the world.

2010年，上海主辦了2010年世博會(huì)，是展示中國(guó)真心向世界開(kāi)放的一個(gè)里程碑。

The Shanghai World Expo, the first held in a developing country in the event's 159-year history, set a record in terms of the number of participating countries or regions, the size of the Expo park and the number of visitors.

上海世博會(huì)是該活動(dòng)159年歷史中首次在發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉辦，在參展國(guó)家和地區(qū)數(shù)量、世博園規(guī)模以及參觀人數(shù)等方面都創(chuàng)了紀(jì)錄。

With the successful hosting of China's first import expo, the city continued to drive China's import agenda. As China pledged further opening-up, this gathering will be remembered as a new beginning for China's import history.

隨著中國(guó)首屆進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)的成功舉辦，上海進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)了中國(guó)的開(kāi)放進(jìn)程。中國(guó)承諾，開(kāi)放的大門會(huì)越開(kāi)越大，進(jìn)博會(huì)將作為中國(guó)進(jìn)口歷史的新起點(diǎn)被銘記。