關(guān)于朝韓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會，你需要了解的

SEOUL, South Korea — The leaders of North and South Korea will meet for talks on Friday, a rare moment of face-to-face diplomacy after 70 years of bitter rivalry.

韓國首爾——朝鮮和韓國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將于周五會晤，這是經(jīng)過70年激烈較量之后的罕見時刻。

Adding to the history-making stakes of Friday’s encounter is the prospect that if all goes well, President Trump and Kim Jong-un will have their own meeting in May or June. Those talks would be the first dialogue between a sitting American president and a leader of North Korea.

在周五會晤的創(chuàng)歷史性賭注之上，還有這樣一種可能：如果一切進(jìn)展順利，特朗普總統(tǒng)和金正恩將在5月或6月舉行他們兩人的會晤，那將是美國現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)與朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的首次對話。

On the table are issues that have bedeviled the Korean Peninsula for much of the 20th century, including an official end to the Korean War, as well as some that are already shaping the 21st, like the North’s nuclear weapons and missile programs.

擺在桌面上的問題，是一些在20世紀(jì)的大部分時間里一直困擾著朝鮮半島的問題，包括朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的正式結(jié)束;以及一些已經(jīng)在影響21世紀(jì)的問題，比如朝鮮的核武器和導(dǎo)彈計劃。

As Mr. Kim and President Moon Jae-in of South Korea prepare to meet at Panmunjom, the so-called truce village that straddles their countries’ border, here is what you need to know.

隨著金正恩和韓國總統(tǒng)文在寅準(zhǔn)備在跨越兩國邊界的所謂“休戰(zhàn)村”板門店會面，你需要了解以下事情。

Why are the Koreas still at war?

為什么朝鮮半島仍處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)?

The Korean War effectively ended in a stalemate in July 1953, after three years of fighting.

朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭在經(jīng)歷了三年戰(zhàn)火之后，于1953年7月以僵局告終。

The conflict, the first of the Cold War, pitted North Korea, a Communist dictatorship supported by China, against South Korea and its ally, the United States, which led a United Nations force. Generals from North Korea, China and the United States signed the 1953 armistice at Panmunjom. The South Korean leader, Syngman Rhee, however, refused to sign.

這場冷戰(zhàn)時期的第一次沖突，發(fā)生在由中國支持的共產(chǎn)主義獨(dú)裁政權(quán)朝鮮以及韓國及其盟友美國之間，美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一支聯(lián)合國部隊參戰(zhàn)。朝鮮、中國和美國的軍事將領(lǐng)們于1953年在板門店簽署了停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定，但韓國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人李承晚拒絕在協(xié)定上簽字。

A peace treaty was never negotiated, though the Chinese proposed one in 1954. Because the cease-fire was never succeeded by a treaty, technically the parties are still at war.

雖然中國曾在1954年提出過一項和平條約，但從未進(jìn)行過和平條約談判。由于停火之后從未達(dá)成條約，所以雙方從技術(shù)上講仍處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。

What is the Demilitarized Zone?

什么是非軍事區(qū)?

The Demilitarized Zone, or DMZ, is a stretch of land that spans the Korean Peninsula at the 38th parallel, serving as a buffer between North and South Korea. Despite its name, it is heavily fortified with land mines, armed soldiers and barbed wire.

非軍事區(qū)(Demilitarized Zone，縮寫為DMZ)指的是沿著橫跨朝鮮半島北緯38度線的作為朝鮮與韓國之間緩沖地帶的區(qū)域。盡管名為非軍事區(qū)，但那里布滿了地雷，有重兵把守，還設(shè)有鐵絲網(wǎng)。

It is 160 miles long and about 2.5 miles wide. Panmunjom, located within the DMZ and just 35 miles from the South Korean capital, Seoul, is the site of the Joint Security Area, where troops from North and South Korea are separated by only a few feet.

非軍事區(qū)約260公里長、4公里寬。板門店位于非軍事區(qū)內(nèi)，距離韓國首都首爾僅55公里，是共同警戒區(qū)的所在地，朝鮮和韓國的軍隊在那里只有幾米之隔。

A hotline directly connecting the two Korean leaders was installed last week. As a warm-up gesture, the line is supposed to be used by Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon before they travel to Panmunjom. Their talks will take place inside the Peace House, a conference center on the south side of the truce village.

直接連接朝鮮和韓國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的熱線電話上周已開通。作為準(zhǔn)備活動的姿態(tài)，金正恩和文在寅在前往板門店前將使用這條熱線。他們的會談將在和平之家舉行，這是休戰(zhàn)村南邊的一個會議中心。

What would a peace treaty mean?

和平條約將意味著什么?

Mr. Moon has said the leaders will talk about establishing a treaty that would formally end the Korean War.

文在寅曾表示，兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將就達(dá)成一項正式結(jié)束朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的條約進(jìn)行討論。

In the past, North Korea has demanded that the American soldiers stationed in the South must leave the peninsula as a condition of peace. But Mr. Kim’s stance on the future of the 28,500 American troops appears to have softened in recent weeks.

以前，朝鮮一直要求駐扎在韓國的美國士兵離開朝鮮半島，作為和平的先決條件。不過，近幾周來，金正恩在2.85萬名駐韓美軍的未來問題的立場上似乎有所軟化。

Over the decades, American presidents have decreased the number of troops stationed in the South. The Trump administration has made no suggestion that it would shrink the military contingent further.

幾十年來，歷任美國總統(tǒng)一直在減少駐韓美軍的數(shù)量。特朗普政府還沒有暗示過會進(jìn)一步縮小駐韓美軍的規(guī)模。

What is the likely outcome of Friday’s meeting?

周五的會晤可能有什么結(jié)果?

Expect heavily scripted generalities. Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon plan to issue a joint declaration, which was largely brokered during a recent visit by South Korean officials to Pyongyang. Mr. Kim has said he is willing to discuss denuclearization in exchange for guarantees that his government would not be overthrown and his personal security would be assured.

預(yù)計有大量照本宣科的籠統(tǒng)說法。金正恩和文在寅打算發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明，這是韓國官員近期訪問平壤時促成的。金正恩已表示，他愿意討論無核化問題，以換取他的政府不被推翻、他個人的安全能夠得到保證的擔(dān)保。

The expected statement is likely to be short on specifics, intended to set the groundwork for more substantial negotiations between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump. Watch for a commitment that the North and South will meet more regularly.

預(yù)期的聲明可能會缺乏具體細(xì)節(jié)，聲明是為給金正恩和特朗普進(jìn)行更實質(zhì)性的談判奠定基礎(chǔ)。值得關(guān)注的是朝鮮和韓國將更加經(jīng)常舉行會談的承諾。

What should we expect from talks between Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim?

我們應(yīng)該在特朗普與金正恩的會談中期待什么?

The two leaders spent much of last year exchanging threats and insults, but Mr. Trump has been widely positive in his approach to Mr. Kim since the North Korean leader signaled a willingness to negotiate.

盡管這兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在去年的大部分時間都在互相威脅和辱罵，但自從朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人表示愿意談判以來，特朗普在對待金正恩的方式上一直持高度積極的態(tài)度。

The president praised Mr. Kim’s announcement last week that he would suspend missile and nuclear tests and close a nuclear test site. So far, Mr. Trump has set no preconditions for talks with Mr. Kim.

特朗普稱贊了金正恩上周的聲明，金正恩說，他將暫停導(dǎo)彈和核試驗，并將關(guān)閉一個核試驗基地。到目前為止，特朗普都還沒有設(shè)定任何與金正恩會談的先決條件。

But administration officials have been much firmer. They have called for a complete dismantlement of the nuclear arsenal in North Korea, a process that would need to be verified by inspections. Many experts see the latest offer from North Korea to suspend testing as an effort to wind back punishing United Nations sanctions.

但美國政府官員的態(tài)度更為強(qiáng)硬。他們要求徹底廢除朝鮮的核武庫，這是一個需要通過核查來進(jìn)行證實的過程。許多專家把朝鮮最近提出的暫停核試驗的提議看作是放松聯(lián)合國制裁的努力。

Mr. Kim has called for the “phased” and “synchronized” implementation of any denuclearization deal, in which each stage of dismantlement would be met with incentives like the easing of sanctions.

金正恩呼吁要“分階段”和“同步地”執(zhí)行任何無核化協(xié)議，這意味著，廢除核武器的每一步都要得到譬如放松制裁等激勵措施的響應(yīng)。

Why is Japan wary of the rapprochement between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump?

為什么日本對金正恩和特朗普之間的友好關(guān)系保持警惕?

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan is worried that the United States will agree to a deal in which North Korea dismantles its intercontinental missiles, but keeps shorter-range missiles that can hit Japan.

日本首相安倍晉三擔(dān)心，美國將與朝鮮達(dá)成的協(xié)議，會要求朝鮮放棄其洲際導(dǎo)彈，但允許朝鮮保留能夠打擊日本的短程導(dǎo)彈。

Some analysts believe such an agreement would allow Mr. Trump to claim that he had saved the United States from the threat of North Korea, though doing so could come at the expense of Japan and South Korea.

一些分析人士認(rèn)為，這樣的協(xié)議將讓特朗普能夠聲稱他不再讓美國受到朝鮮的威脅，盡管這樣做可能會損害日本和韓國的利益。