澳大利亞立法抵御外國勢力影響干涉澳內政

Australia will ban foreign political donations and force lobbyists to reveal when they are working for overseas entities under tough new laws designed to tackle growing espionage threats and Chinese influence in domestic politics.

根據一項嚴格的新法案，澳大利亞將禁止外國政治捐款，并強制游說人員在為海外實體工作時對外公開這種關系。該法案旨在應對日益加大的間諜威脅和中國對澳大利亞內政的影響。

The crackdown follows revelations that organisations and individuals with alleged links to the Chinese government have donated more than A$6.7m to the Liberal and Labor parties over recent years. One opposition MP, who received cash, called publicly for Australia to respect China’s territorial claims in the South China Sea — a position contrary to that of his party.

這些打擊措施是在媒體曝光近年來一些可能與中國政府有關聯的組織和個人向澳大利亞自由黨和工黨捐款逾670萬澳元后出臺的。一位收受了現金的反對黨議員曾公開呼吁澳大利亞尊重中國在南中國海的領土主張——這一立場與他所在黨派的立場相左。

“Foreign intelligence services are engaged in covert influence and interference on an unprecedented scale,” Malcolm Turnbull, Australia’s prime minister, said on Tuesday as he summarised the proposed legislation.

澳大利亞總理馬爾科姆•特恩布爾(Malcolm Turnbull，文首圖)周二在總結這項擬議中的法案時說：“外國情報機構正以前所未有的規(guī)模秘密施加影響和干涉。

“This activity is being directed against a range of Australian interests, from our political systems, to our commercial interests, to expatriate communities who have made Australia their home.”

“這種活動針對澳大利亞的一系列利益，從我們的政治制度，到我們的商業(yè)利益，再到已把澳大利亞當作家園的僑民群體。”

The proposed reforms would ban foreign donations to political parties or to lobby groups that have spent more than A$100,000 ($76,000) on political campaigning over a four-year period. This would likely affect environmental campaigning groups such as GetUp!, which has opposed construction of the Adani coal mine.

擬議中的改革將禁止政黨或在4年時間里在某項政治運動上花費逾10萬澳元(合7.6萬美元)的游說組織接受外國捐款。GetUp!這樣的環(huán)?；顒咏M織很可能會受到影響，該組織反對建設阿達尼(Adani)煤礦。

Australia is the latest western country to review its laws amid rising concern that foreign governments are seeking to influence domestic politics. China spends an estimated $10bn a year on external propaganda activities, while Russia and North Korea have both been implicated in hacking controversies by western security agencies.

在對外國政府尋求干涉本國內政的憂慮日益加劇之際，澳大利亞是西方國家中重新評估其法律的最新一個。據估計，中國每年花費100億美元用于對外宣傳活動，俄羅斯和朝鮮也被西方安全機構暗指從事黑客活動。

The Australian legislation, which must be approved by parliament, would create a transparency scheme similar to the US Foreign Agents Registry that requires lobbyists to declare whether they are acting on behalf of a foreign power.

澳大利亞的這一法案必須經議會批準。該法案如獲批準，將創(chuàng)建出類似美國《外國代理人登記法》 (FARA)的透明度機制。美國《外國代理人登記法》要求游說人員公開他們是否代表外國勢力行事。

“Being registered should not be seen as any kind of taint and certainly not as a crime,” said Mr Turnbull. “If you fail to disclose your ties, then you will be liable for a criminal offence.”

“被登記不應被視為某種污點，更不應被視為犯罪。”特恩布爾表示，“但如果你沒有披露你的關系，那你將要承擔刑事責任。”

A succession of high profile Australian politicians, including Andrew Robb, a former trade minister, and Bob Carr, a former foreign minister, have taken lucrative jobs with Chinese companies or Chinese-funded institutions in recent years. They may have to declare their interests under the new transparency regime.

近年來，一連串知名澳大利亞政治人士接受了中國企業(yè)或者中國資助的機構中報酬不菲的工作，比如前貿易部長安德魯•羅伯(Andrew Robb)和前外交部長鮑勃•卡爾(Bob Carr)。依據新的透明度機制，這些政治人士或許必須申報利益關系。

The legislation will target covert, deceptive or threatening actions by foreign actors who intend to influence Australia’s government processes. It will also criminalise economic espionage with up to 15 years imprisonment.

這項法案針對的是意圖影響澳政府程序的外國勢力采取的秘密、欺詐或威脅行動。該法還規(guī)定，從事經濟間諜活動將被判處最高15年的有期徒刑。

Existing laws on espionage, sabotage and treason will be updated and will carry severe penalties, including life imprisonment.

有關間諜、破壞和叛國的現行法律將被更新，違犯者將面臨包括無期徒刑在內的嚴厲懲罰。

Mr Turnbull said the legislation was not directed at a single country, while noting allegations of Russian interference in the US election. However, he used the occasion to launch a scathing attack on opposition lawmaker Sam Dastyari, who is embroiled in a foreign donations controversy.

特恩布爾表示，該法并不針對特定國家——盡管他提到了有關俄羅斯干預美國大選的說法。不過，他利用這個機會猛烈抨擊陷入外國捐款爭議的反對黨議員薩姆•達斯季亞里(Sam Dastyari)。

The Labor senator accepted thousands of dollars from a Chinese businessman Huang Xiangmo to pay for travel and legal bills. He later supported China’s position on the contested South China Sea.

這名工黨參議員曾收受中國商人黃向墨數千美元捐款，用于支付旅游和法律方面的費用。后來他曾發(fā)言支持中國在南中國海爭端中的立場。

Last week Fairfax Media reported allegations that Mr Dastyari had warned Mr Huang that his phone was likely tapped by government agencies.

上周費爾法克斯傳媒(Fairfax Media)報道稱，據稱達斯季亞里曾警告黃向墨，他的電話很可能被政府機構監(jiān)聽。

Mr Dastyari denies passing on intelligence information to Mr Huang.

達斯季亞里否認向黃向墨傳遞情報信息。