技術(shù)革新導(dǎo)致失業(yè) 夏威夷欲推行全民基本收入

據(jù)英國(guó)《獨(dú)立報(bào)》報(bào)道，美國(guó)夏威夷州正在考慮向該州所有公民發(fā)放基本收入，以幫助人們應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)革新導(dǎo)致的失業(yè)問(wèn)題。夏威夷是首個(gè)通過(guò)立法支持基本收入的美國(guó)州。研究表明，科技進(jìn)步對(duì)夏威夷的工作人群打擊尤其沉重，因?yàn)樵撝萁?jīng)濟(jì)依靠旅游業(yè)帶動(dòng)，而這一行業(yè)中的許多職位，如服務(wù)員、廚師以及清潔工等最終都將被機(jī)器取代。

Hawaii is considering introducing a basic income for all its citizens.

夏威夷正在考慮在該州施行全民基本收入政策。

The US state’s congress voted to look into the idea as research suggests a large number of current jobs are likely to be replaced by automated technology in the coming years.

夏威夷州議會(huì)投票決定研究這一政策，因?yàn)檎{(diào)查表明，未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)，現(xiàn)有的許多工作很可能被自動(dòng)化技術(shù)取代。

State representative Chris Lee, who introduced the legislation, said: "Our economy is changing far more rapidly than anybody's expected.”

提出這項(xiàng)立法的州議員克里斯•李稱：“經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了所有人的預(yù)期。”

He added that it was important "to be sure that everybody will benefit from the technological revolution that we're seeing to make sure no one's left behind."

他表示，重要的是，“要確保每個(gè)人都能從技術(shù)革命中受益，我們都希望確保沒(méi)有人在技術(shù)革命中掉隊(duì)。”

The bill declares that all families in Hawaii are entitled to “basic financial security” – paving the way for a policy that would guarantee this.

該議案宣稱，夏威夷所有家庭都有權(quán)享受“基本財(cái)務(wù)安全”，這為確保該項(xiàng)權(quán)利的有關(guān)政策鋪平了道路。

It also tasks several government offices with analyzing the state’s economy and finding “ways to ensure all families have basic financial security."

議案還要求幾個(gè)政府部門(mén)分析夏威夷州的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，尋找“確保所有家庭都能獲得基本財(cái)務(wù)安全的辦法。”

Universal basic income (UBI) involves paying every citizen a set amount of money each month to live on, regardless of whether or not they are in work.

全民基本收入是指無(wú)論公民是否有工作，每月都能領(lǐng)到一定數(shù)額的錢(qián)。

Hawaii is the first US state to pass legislation in support of UBI but a number of countries around the world have taken steps towards introducing the policy.

夏威夷是美國(guó)首個(gè)通過(guò)立法支持全民基本收入的州，不過(guò)，一些其他國(guó)家已經(jīng)紛紛采取措施推行該政策。

Finland and Germany have implemented pilot schemes and the Canadian province of Ontario is set to follow suit. The Dutch city of Utrecht is also trialing the policy.

芬蘭和德國(guó)已經(jīng)實(shí)施了試點(diǎn)計(jì)劃。加拿大安大略省打算效仿。荷蘭烏得勒支市也在試行這一政策。

Advocates say UBI is a more effective way of distributing money than current social welfare systems and will help people cope with the job losses resulting from new technology.

該政策的支持者稱，全民基本收入是一種比現(xiàn)行社會(huì)福利系統(tǒng)更有效的貨幣分配方式，且能幫助人們應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)革新導(dǎo)致的失業(yè)問(wèn)題。

Critics, however, say it will discourage people from working and is prohibitively expensive.

然而，批評(píng)者稱，該政策代價(jià)極高，且會(huì)打消人們工作的積極性。

Research suggests that Hawaii workers could be hit particularly hard by technological advances because many of the jobs in the tourism industry that fuels the state’s economy, such as waiters, cooks and cleaners, will eventually be replaced by machines.

研究表明，科技進(jìn)步對(duì)夏威夷的工作群體打擊尤其沉重，因?yàn)樵撝萁?jīng)濟(jì)依靠旅游業(yè)帶動(dòng)，而這一行業(yè)中的許多崗位，如服務(wù)員、廚師以及清潔工等最終都將被機(jī)器取代。