土耳其與荷蘭外交風(fēng)波升級

Turkey’s president ratcheted up his diplomatic row with the Netherlands on Tuesday, claiming the country had a “rotten character” and blaming Dutch troops for the worst massacre in Europe since the second world war.

周二，土耳其總統(tǒng)雷杰普•塔伊普•埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)對荷蘭的外交聲討升級，他宣稱荷蘭“品德敗壞”，并認(rèn)為荷蘭軍隊(duì)對二戰(zhàn)以來歐洲最惡劣的大屠殺難辭其咎。

The remarks by Recep Tayyip Erdogan come less than 24 hours before Dutch voters go to the polls in a national election that has been coloured by a heated debate about the role of Islam in Dutch society, spurred by anti-Islam candidate Geert Wilders. Mr Wilders’ Freedom party (PVV) is polling second in the race.

埃爾多安發(fā)表上述言論之際，距荷蘭大選投票已不足24個小時——反伊斯蘭候選人海爾特•維爾德斯(Geert Wilders)引發(fā)的圍繞伊斯蘭在荷蘭社會中角色的熱烈辯論，讓本次大選變得格外有看頭。維爾德斯的自由黨(PVV)目前在民調(diào)中排名第二。

“We know the Netherlands and the Dutch from the Srebrenica massacre,” Mr Erdogan said, invoking the most shameful episode in modern Dutch history. “We know how rotten their character is from their massacre of 8,000 Bosnians there.”

“我們從斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺事件了解了荷蘭和荷蘭人是什么樣的，”埃爾多安說起現(xiàn)代荷蘭歷史上最可恥的一幕，“我們從他們屠殺那里的8000名波斯尼亞人就知道，他們品德敗壞到何等地步。”

In 1995 Dutch troops serving as UN peacekeepers failed to prevent Bosnian Serb forces murdering 8,000 Muslim men and boys in the town of Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia.

1995年，荷蘭維和部隊(duì)未能阻止波黑塞族軍隊(duì)在位于波黑東部的斯雷布雷尼察殺害8000名穆斯林男子和男孩。

Mr Erdogan’s escalation comes in the midst of a vitriolic tit-for-tat between Ankara and The Hague, which began at the weekend after Dutch officials barred Turkish ministers from campaigning in Turkish communities inside the Netherlands.

埃爾多安對荷蘭的聲討升級發(fā)生在這樣一個時刻：上周末，在荷蘭官員禁止土耳其部長在荷蘭國內(nèi)的土耳其社區(qū)拉票之后，安卡拉與海牙之間開始了一場針鋒相對的相互報(bào)復(fù)。

Turkey’s ministers have been rallying Turkish expat communities across Europe to win support for Erdogan-backed constitutional changes, which will be voted on in a referendum next month.

土耳其部長們近來一直在歐洲各地的土耳其社區(qū)舉行集會，以爭取海外土耳其人對埃爾多安發(fā)起的憲法改革的支持——土耳其將于下個月就修憲舉行公投。

Mark Rutte, the Dutch prime minister whose People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) is slightly ahead of the PVV, has seen his poll numbers rise in recent days because of his hardline stance with Ankara. On Tuesday he called Mr Erdogan’s comments “a disgusting distortion of history”, adding: “We will not lower ourselves to this level. It is totally unacceptable.”

荷蘭首相馬克•呂特(Mark Rutte)最近由于對安卡拉立場強(qiáng)硬而在民調(diào)中排名上升。呂特所屬的自由民主人民黨(VVD)在民調(diào)中略微領(lǐng)先自由黨。周二，他將埃爾多安的言論稱為“對歷史令人惡心的歪曲”，還稱“我們不會自甘墮落至這種水平。這完全不可接受”。

Earlier on Tuesday Mr Rutte had issued a call for calm in the dispute with Turkey.

周二早些時候，呂特呼吁在與土耳其的爭執(zhí)中保持冷靜。

Mr Erdogan, who has also benefited domestically from the row with Mr Rutte, has sought to broaden his diplomatic dispute to take on all of the EU, particularly Germany, which has had similar run-ins with Ankara over campaigning in Germany’s large Turkish community.

埃爾多安在國內(nèi)也受益于與呂特的爭執(zhí)，他尋求將外交爭端擴(kuò)大至針對所有歐盟國家，尤其是德國，后者同樣因土耳其在德國的大型土耳其社區(qū)拉票而與安卡拉發(fā)生爭執(zhí)。

The Turkish president said Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, was “no different from the Netherlands” and urged émigré Turks not to vote for “the government and the racists” in upcoming European elections. Ms Merkel faces a tough re-election bid in September.

埃爾多安表示，德國總理安格拉•默克爾(Angela Merkel)“與荷蘭沒有什么不同”，并敦促移居海外的土耳其人不要在即將到來的歐洲選舉中投票支持“現(xiàn)任政府和種族主義者”。要在今年9月成功競選連任，默克爾面臨一場硬仗。

On Tuesday Saarland became the first German region to ban campaigning by foreign politicians. Several German local councils had called off planned Turkish ministers’ campaign meetings on technical grounds, such as fire safety.

周二，薩爾州成為德國第一個禁止外國政客拉票的地區(qū)。德國數(shù)個地方議會基于消防安全等技術(shù)原因，取消了土耳其部長們原計(jì)劃的拉票集會。

The diplomatic row began when Ankara’s foreign minister was denied entry to the Netherlands on Saturday for a campaign rally in favour of Mr Erdogan’s constitutional reforms. Armed Dutch police also intercepted another Turkish minister, Fatma Betul Sayan Kaya, on her way to the rally in Rotterdam and escorted her back to the German border.

上周六，土耳其外交部長被禁止入境荷蘭參加為埃爾多安憲法改革爭取支持的拉票活動，兩國間這場外交風(fēng)波由此開始。全副武裝的荷蘭警方還在土耳其另一位部長法蒂瑪•貝圖•薩揚(yáng)•卡亞(Fatma Betul Sayan Kaya)前往鹿特丹的集會途中將其攔下，并護(hù)送至荷德邊境。

In a televised debate on Monday night, Mr Wilders called on the Netherlands to expel the Turkish ambassador.

維爾德斯在周一晚上的電視辯論中呼吁荷蘭將土耳其大使驅(qū)逐出境。

“That’s the difference between tweeting from your couch and governing the country. If you govern the country, you have to take sensible decisions, and that isn’t sensible,” Mr Rutte replied.

呂特回應(yīng)稱：“這就是坐在沙發(fā)上發(fā)推特與治理國家的區(qū)別。如果你在治理這個國家，你就得做明智的決定，而驅(qū)逐大使是不明智的。”

On Monday night, Ankara confirmed that the Dutch ambassador would not be welcome to return to Turkey.

周一晚間，安卡拉方面證實(shí)，不歡迎荷蘭駐土耳其大使返回土耳其。

Federica Mogherini, the EU’s foreign policy chief, and Johannes Hahn, the bloc’s enlargement commissioner, have also weighed in, criticising Mr Erdogan’s proposed constitutional changes and his recent rhetoric.

歐盟外交政策高級代表費(fèi)代麗卡•莫蓋里尼(Federica Mogherini)和歐盟擴(kuò)大事務(wù)專員約翰內(nèi)斯•哈恩(Johannes Hahn)也表明立場，批評埃爾多安提議的憲法改革及其最近的言辭。

Turkey’s foreign ministry angrily rejected the EU criticism. “The EU should realise that the statement fuels extremism, such as xenophobia and anti-Turkish sentiments, because the call to refrain from excessive statements and actions that risk further exacerbating the situation is made only to Turkey, instead of the countries that caused this situation by violating diplomatic conventions and international law,” it said.

土耳其外交部憤怒地駁斥了歐盟的批評。它說：“歐盟應(yīng)該意識到，這種聲明助長了極端主義，比如仇外和反土耳其情緒，因?yàn)樗鼘Ρ苊膺^分言論和行動以免局勢進(jìn)一步惡化的呼吁，針對的只是土耳其，而不是所有違反外交公約和國際法、從而導(dǎo)致了這種局面的國家。”

Russia and Nato have both called for a de-escalation of the Turkey-Netherlands row.

俄羅斯和北約(Nato)都呼吁緩和土耳其與荷蘭的爭執(zhí)。

During Monday night’s debate Mr Rutte reiterated that he would not form a coalition government with Mr Wilders’ party, even ruling out forming a government that relied on support from the anti-immigration party. “I’m not going to work with such a party again,” said Mr Rutte, whose first minority government was propped up by PVV after the 2010 elections.

呂特在周一晚間的辯論中重申，他不會與維爾德斯所屬的政黨組建聯(lián)合政府，他甚至還表示不可能組建一個依賴這個反移民政黨支持的政府。呂特表示：“我不會再次與這樣的政黨合作。”在2010年選舉之后，呂特組建的首個少數(shù)派政府受到自由黨的支持。

In response, Mr Wilders labelled Mr Rutte a liar, citing the prime minister’s broken pledge not to support a bailout of Greece during the 2012 election.

作為回應(yīng)，維爾德斯把呂特歸為騙子，指責(zé)后者未能遵守在2012年選舉期間做出的不支持紓困希臘的承諾。

Polls indicate that the Dutch election will be extremely tight. Mr Rutte’s centre-right VVD sits atop most polls, just 3 percentage points ahead of the PVV. Most polls show a large percentage of voters remain undecided.

民調(diào)顯示，荷蘭選舉將是一場膠著戰(zhàn)。呂特所屬的中右翼自由民主人民黨在大多數(shù)民調(diào)中位居榜首，但僅領(lǐng)先自由黨3個百分點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)民調(diào)顯示很大一部分選民仍未做出決定。

Several other parties have support that is only slightly lower, including the centrist liberal D66, the Christian Democratic Appeal and leftwing GreenLeft.

其他數(shù)個政黨的支持率只是略低于上述兩黨，包括持中間立場的自由派政黨民主66 (D66)、基督教民主聯(lián)盟(Christian Democratic Appeal)和左翼的綠色左翼黨(GreenLeft)。

Additional reporting from Stefan Wagstyl in Berlin

斯蒂芬•韋格斯蒂爾(Stefan Wagstyl)柏林補(bǔ)充報(bào)道