以蚊攻蚊：千萬轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子即將釋放野外

　　提起蚊子的天敵，我們第一時(shí)間想到的是蚊香，但是現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家有了更好的辦法：以蚊攻蚊，讓帶有基因缺陷的轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子去對付它的自然同伴，最后讓蚊蟲家族自行滅絕。這種轉(zhuǎn)基因雄性蚊蟲在交配后就會(huì)迅速死亡，還將把致命基因缺陷傳給后代。飽受寨卡病毒和登革熱困擾的巴西將成為第一個(gè)“放蚊子”的國家，在獲得衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)許可后，一千萬只轉(zhuǎn)基因雄性蚊蟲將被釋放到擁有36萬人口的皮拉西卡巴?！　?/p>

　　The mosquito genocide is beginning. Millions of genetically modified versions of the useless vampire insects are being prepared for release in Brazil. If all goes according to plan, the mosquitoes will have a huge sex party and begin to kill off all of their natural counterparts.

　　蚊蟲大滅絕就要開始了。巴西正準(zhǔn)備釋放數(shù)百萬轉(zhuǎn)基因版本的無用吸血昆蟲。如果一切按照計(jì)劃來進(jìn)行，那么這些蚊蟲將舉行巨大的性派對并開始?xì)⑺浪鼈兯械淖匀煌椤?/p>

　　The world’s “first and biggest factory” for genetically modified mosquitos is in Piracicaba, Brazil. Its owner, Oxitec, is manufacturing male mosquitos that die quickly after they mate and pass on a genetic defect that causes any offspring to kick the bucket as well. In a country that has been hit hard by the Zika virus and dengue, this could be a game-changing, life-saving effort.

　　這個(gè)世界上第一個(gè)也是最大的“轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊蟲工廠”位于巴西皮拉西卡巴，其所有者Oxitec正在制造在交配后就會(huì)迅速死亡的雄性蚊蟲，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因雄性蚊蟲能夠?qū)⒅旅倪z傳缺陷傳給后代，它們的后代也會(huì)一命嗚呼。在一個(gè)受到寨卡病毒和登革熱肆虐的國家，這一舉措將改變巴西面貌，拯救人們的生命。

　　The firm has conducted five field tests between 2011 and 2014—the results showed a 90 percent decline in the population of wild Aedes aegypti after the horny, modded male mosquitos had time to get it on with unsuspecting female mosquitos.

　　該公司在2011年至2014年期間就在五個(gè)地方進(jìn)行了測試，測試結(jié)果表明這種性欲強(qiáng)的轉(zhuǎn)基因雄性蚊蟲被釋放并且得到足夠時(shí)間與毫不懷疑的雌性蚊蟲交配之后，野生埃及伊蚊的數(shù)量下降了百分之九十。

　　Oxitec has yet to receive approval from Brazilian health authorities to release its devastating swarm into the wild. The town of Piracicaba is currently its only customer and the two have signed a four-year, $1.1 million deal. The company is in conversation with “several municipalities and states,” according to Oxitec president Hadyn Parry.

　　在將這種毀滅性的昆蟲釋放到野外這方面，Oxitec還未得到巴西衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)的許可?，F(xiàn)在皮拉西卡巴是它的唯一顧客，并且他們雙方已經(jīng)簽署了為期四年、價(jià)值110萬美元的訂單。據(jù)Oxitec總裁哈丁•派瑞透露，該公司仍在與一些市政當(dāng)局和州洽商。

　　The factory can produce 60 million mosquitos a week and plans to release 10 million of them in Piracicaba the first week that it has approval. In a town with a population of 360,000, that’s a little over 27 mosquitos per person.

　　該公司一周能夠生產(chǎn)六千萬只蚊蟲，并計(jì)劃在獲得衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)許可的第一周，將一千萬只轉(zhuǎn)基因雄性蚊蟲釋放到皮拉西卡巴。在這個(gè)有著三十六萬人口的地方，每個(gè)人基本能分到27只蚊蟲還有余。

　　It’s truly unknown what kind of broader effect the systematic extinction of mosquitos would have on the eco-system. The little pests are generally believed to have no broader purpose than to survive and spread disease. But without long-term impact studies, it’s difficult to say whether or not the destruction of mosquito species would come without consequence.

　　目前尚不明確這種有計(jì)劃有步驟滅絕蚊蟲的行動(dòng)，會(huì)給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來怎樣的廣泛影響。人們認(rèn)為蚊蟲這種小害蟲除了生存和傳播疾病之外，對生態(tài)環(huán)境沒有其它的影響?？稍跊]有對長期影響進(jìn)行研究的情況下，科學(xué)家們很難斷言摧毀蚊蟲這個(gè)物種是否不會(huì)讓我們遭受任何不好的后果。

　　That doesn’t seem to bother the researchers at Oxitec. “There are three essential factors for the transmission of these diseases: the mosquitoes, the virus and humans,” Oxitec biologist Karla Tepedino said. “What we do here is eliminate the mosquitoes, which transmit the virus.”

　　然而Oxitec的研究人員們似乎并不操心這事。Oxitec的生物學(xué)家卡拉•特皮迪諾在接受采訪時(shí)表示：“疾病的傳播有三種重要因素：蚊蟲、病毒和人類。我們現(xiàn)在做的是消滅傳播疾病的蚊蟲。”

　　She concluded, “Eliminating the vector, we eliminate the disease.”

　　她最后說：“消滅掉蚊蟲這種媒介之后，我們就能消滅它傳播的疾病。”