美國(guó)前教育部官員加盟扎克伯格慈善計(jì)劃

Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Facebook,and Dr. Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician who is his wife,said Wednesday that they had hired James H.Shelton III, a former deputy secretary of the UnitedStates Department of Education, to oversee theirefforts in education, in the latest example of formerfederal officials who are taking up jobs in SiliconValley.

Facebook的首席執(zhí)行官馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)與他的妻子，兒科醫(yī)生普莉希拉·陳(Priscilla Chan)醫(yī)生周三宣布，他們已雇用美國(guó)教育部前副部長(zhǎng)詹姆斯·H·謝爾頓三世(James H. Shelton III)，負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督他們?cè)诮逃矫嫠龅墓ぷ鳎@是前聯(lián)邦官員在硅谷出任職務(wù)的最新例子。

Mr. Shelton will lead the education component of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, which Mr.Zuckerberg and Dr. Chan announced they were creating last year for their philanthropic andsocial entrepreneurship endeavors. The education work is focused on customizing learning forstudents and addressing disparities.

謝爾頓將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)“陳-扎克伯格行動(dòng)”(Chan Zuckerberg Initiative)中針對(duì)教育的部分。“陳-扎克伯格行動(dòng)”是扎克伯格與陳醫(yī)生去年宣布，為慈善目的、以及履行社會(huì)企業(yè)家責(zé)任而成立的組織。該組織的教育工作關(guān)注學(xué)生的個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)與教育中的不平等問(wèn)題。

“When you think about philanthropy, the question is, ‘How can you be catalytic?’” Mr.Shelton said in a phone interview. “It’s a huge opportunity for transformational work.”

“關(guān)于慈善，我們的問(wèn)題是：‘該怎樣發(fā)揮催化劑的作用?’”謝爾頓在電話(huà)采訪(fǎng)中說(shuō)。“這是促成工作向?qū)嶋H轉(zhuǎn)換的巨大機(jī)會(huì)。”

Mr. Shelton’s hiring is part of a stream of Washington officials going to work for tech titans.Among them are Jay Carney, a former White House press secretary, who is now senior vicepresident for corporate affairs at Amazon, and David Plouffe, a former senior adviser toPresident Obama who is chief adviser and a board member at Uber.

謝爾頓此次受雇是華盛頓官員為技術(shù)巨頭效力的潮流中的一例。他們當(dāng)中還有前白宮新聞發(fā)言人杰伊·卡尼(JayCarney)，如今充當(dāng)亞馬遜全球企業(yè)事務(wù)高級(jí)副總裁;以及給奧巴馬當(dāng)過(guò)高級(jí)顧問(wèn)的戴維·普洛夫(DavidPlouffe)，如今在Uber擔(dān)任首席顧問(wèn)和董事會(huì)成員。

The trend is more recent in education. Former federal education officials often used to enterpolitics or take up positions at universities and research groups.

這股潮流最近集中在教育方面。以往，聯(lián)邦教育官員們卸任后，經(jīng)常從政或者在大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)任職。

But in March, the Emerson Collective, an organization set up by Laurene Powell Jobs, the widowof Apple’s co-founder, Steve Jobs, said it had tapped Arne Duncan, the former educationsecretary, to lead an effort focused on young people in Chicago.

但是，今年3月，蘋(píng)果公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人史蒂夫·喬布斯(Steve Jobs)的遺孀勞倫·鮑威爾·喬布斯(LaurenePowell Jobs)成立的Emerson Collective機(jī)構(gòu)宣布，它聘用了前教育部長(zhǎng)阿恩·鄧肯(Arne Duncan)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一項(xiàng)針對(duì)芝加哥年輕人的項(xiàng)目。

The advent of nontraditional philanthropic vehicles seems to be drawing new interest fromveteran education officials. Both the Emerson Collective and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative arelimited liability companies, an organizational structure that enables investing and advocacy,as well as philanthropy.

這些非傳統(tǒng)的慈善項(xiàng)目的出現(xiàn)似乎引起了資深教育官員們的新興趣。Emerson Collective和陳-扎克伯格行動(dòng)都是有限責(zé)任公司，這種組織結(jié)構(gòu)可以做投資，可以做倡議性工作，也可以做慈善。

“Silicon Valley traditionally has not played a huge role in education reform,” said RichardCulatta, a former director of the Office of Education Technology at the Department ofEducation and now chief innovation officer of the state of Rhode Island.

“傳統(tǒng)上，硅谷并不在教育改革中扮演重要角色，”教育部教育技術(shù)辦公室前主任理查德·卡拉塔(RichardCulatta)說(shuō)，他如今擔(dān)任羅德島州的首席創(chuàng)新官。

He said the hiring of prominent education officials like Mr. Shelton, who is also a formerexecutive at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and Mr. Duncan could herald newapproaches to learning.

謝爾頓曾經(jīng)也是比爾與梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)(Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)的執(zhí)行官，卡拉塔說(shuō)，聘用謝爾頓和鄧肯這樣的著名教育官員，可能會(huì)開(kāi)創(chuàng)學(xué)習(xí)的新方式。

“There could be huge impact from nontraditional organizations in really innovating in thefield,” he said.

“非傳統(tǒng)組織可以對(duì)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的真正創(chuàng)新帶來(lái)巨大影響，”他說(shuō)。

In a Facebook post on Wednesday, Mr. Zuckerberg said the couple’s education initiative wouldfocus on “personalized learning” — the idea of using various technologies to help studentscustomize their educational pathways — and on addressing barriers to education like povertyand illness.

扎克伯格周三在Facebook發(fā)表的帖子上說(shuō)，他們夫妻二人的教育行動(dòng)計(jì)劃將關(guān)注“個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)”——采用不同的技術(shù)，來(lái)幫助學(xué)生定制自己的教育方案——以及應(yīng)對(duì)貧窮和疾病等阻撓教育的障礙。

“We set up the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative with the flexibility to support nonprofits, invest incompanies and advocate for policies that will advance this mission,” Mr. Zuckerberg wrote. “We’ll build technology where it can help, and we believe in listening to and working closely withparents, teachers and students to understand the specific needs of the communities we’reworking in.”

“我們成立的陳-扎克伯格行動(dòng)是非常靈活的，可以支持非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)、對(duì)公司進(jìn)行投資，或游說(shuō)制定對(duì)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)有利的政策，”扎克伯格寫(xiě)道。“在需要技術(shù)的地方，我們會(huì)研發(fā)新技術(shù)，我們也相信，通過(guò)聆聽(tīng)父母、教師與學(xué)生們的聲音，與他們密切合作，可以了解我們所工作的社區(qū)的具體需求。”

The couple are already involved in a variety of education endeavors. They donated $100 millionto schools in Newark, and they have pledged $120 million to schools in the San Francisco BayArea.

扎克伯格夫婦已經(jīng)參與了一系列教育行動(dòng)。他們?cè)蚣~瓦克的若干學(xué)校捐贈(zèng)過(guò)1億美元，還承諾向舊金山灣區(qū)的學(xué)校捐款1.2億美元。

They have donated $23 million to EducationSuperHighway, a nonprofit group dedicated toincreasing broadband access for schools nationwide. They have also invested $15 million inAltSchool, a network of private schools.

他們?yōu)?ldquo;教育高速公路”(EducationSuperHighway)捐贈(zèng)了2300萬(wàn)美元，這個(gè)非盈利組織致力于增加全國(guó)學(xué)校的寬帶接入。他們還向私立學(xué)校網(wǎng)絡(luò)AltSchool投資了1500萬(wàn)美元。

Dr. Chan is also working on The Primary School, which takes a new approach to elementaryschools. Scheduled to open this fall in East Palo Alto, Calif., it is a free private school that willprovide health care and education for students and their families.

普莉希拉·陳目前在“小學(xué)”(The Primary School)工作，它采用新方式進(jìn)行小學(xué)教育。這所免費(fèi)私立學(xué)校將于今年秋天在加利福尼亞?wèn)|帕羅奧圖開(kāi)放，向?qū)W生與他們的家庭提供健康衛(wèi)生服務(wù)及教育。

In a Facebook Live video on Wednesday, Dr. Chan said that she recognized the role thatteachers could play in shaping students’ futures.

在周三的Facebook線(xiàn)上直播中，陳醫(yī)生說(shuō)，她明白教師在塑造學(xué)生的未來(lái)中扮演了怎樣的角色。

“Teachers were the first people who opened my eyes to what was possible in the world, andwhat was possible to me,” Dr. Chan said.

“教師最早打開(kāi)了我的眼界，讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到世界和自我的可能性，”她說(shuō)。