【摘要】書面表達在高考英語全國卷中分值為25分,僅一道題卻占總分近20%,是區(qū)分度最高的高考英語考題。由此可見,英語書面表達能力的提高對高考英語成績起決定作用。
【關鍵詞】高考英語題材;英語書面表達
【作者簡介】許婭莉,李瑞麗,云南省個舊市第三高級中學。
黨的十九大之后,教育改革及英語高考試題的重點放在了培養(yǎng)學生的核心素養(yǎng)上。英語的核心素養(yǎng)包括語言能力、文化品格、思維品質和學習能力四個方面。
2018年高考英語大綱對書面表達的要求是:要求考生根據(jù)提示進行書面表達??忌鷳埽?.清楚連貫地傳遞信息,表達意思;2.有效運用所學知識, 其不僅考查考生對詞匯、語法、句型等的掌握能力,同時也測試考生的篇章組織能力、語言表達能力以及邏輯思維能力,屬于較高級的直接測試,具有較高的效度。然而,這一考題卻是大多數(shù)學生的失分最多的題,從而使得對這一考題的命題規(guī)律、對英語書面表達能力的專項訓練方法和技巧的研究顯得尤為重要。
一、英語書面表達命題規(guī)律
近兩年(2016-2017)云南省高考英語書面表達題材及話題
試卷 類別 題材 話題
2016全國III卷 提綱類 道歉信 因故不能赴約
2017全國III卷 提綱類 邀請信 邀請外國朋友加入校乒乓球隊
通過分析近三年高考英語書面表達題材的分析研究,可以總結出以下命題規(guī)律:
1.書面表達試題均為書信/電子郵件體裁。試題圍繞文化品格和思維品質素養(yǎng),考查英語語言書面表達能力。所選題材情景真實,貼近生活,具有中國文化特色和生活氣息,融入了我國的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化。因為與我們熟悉的傳統(tǒng)文化和日常生活相關,考生對這種作文會有一種親切感。因此,對考生來說,如果對相關題材進行過必要的訓練,就很容易進入寫作狀態(tài),容易發(fā)揮出正常的寫作水平。
2.高考英語書面表達命題逐漸轉向外向思維??v觀近三年高考英語書面表達命題思路的變化,其可以清楚地感受到考題的話題更加豐富,命題思路逐漸轉向外向思維考查,這體現(xiàn)了弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、引導考生建立民族自信心的外向思維。這些話題的設置旨在說明,學習英語不僅是為了了解外面的世界,拓寬視野,更是為了展示我國的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代化建設的成就,讓中國走向世界,讓世界愛上中國!
二、高考英語書面表達的訓練方法及技巧
下面以云南省個舊三中2018屆高三學生高考英語書面專項訓練為例,從試題分析、寫作策略、常用句式、訓練方法和步驟幾個方面來展示高考英語書面表達的訓練方法及技巧。
1. 2016全國III卷書面表達題。假定你是李華,與留學生朋友Bob約好一起去書店,因故不能赴約。請給他寫封郵件,內容包括:
(1)表示歉意; (2)說明原因;( 3)另約時間。
注意:(1)詞數(shù)100左右;(2)可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
主要方法及步驟(主要采取A、B兩種方法進行訓練)
方法A:
(1)道歉信的寫法。
舉例示范:
Dear Mr. Harkness,
Much to my regret I was unable to keep my engagement to meet you at the park gate. I fear you are displeased at my failing to keep my promise, but I trust you will forgive me. Let me explain. My mother suddenly fell sick early yesterday morning, and I had to send her to hospital.
I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where we may meet again. I hope to see you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Evelyn
(2)重點句式。
①道歉信中開頭段常用句式和套話
I am writing this letter to express my regret…
I would like to give you my apology for…
②道歉信中結尾段常用句式和套話
Please allow me to say sorry again.
I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
方法B:
方法B比A多了個作文模板
Dear ________(對象),
I am truly sorry that _______________________________(道歉的原因).
The reason is that ________________________________(介紹原因).
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
(3)前后效果對比:給學生25分鐘當堂完成該篇寫作,方法A學生的均分是15.1分,B的是17分。
對比同一學生D, 用方法A 與方法B的前后寫作情況
Dear Bob,
I am very sorry to say that I cant together with you go to the bookstore . There are some reasons why I cant.
On the one hand, my teachers have much homework to we. It need turn in next day, I must to finish it .On the other hand, my sister have a fever. My parents are go out to work, so only I and she in our house now. I think I should to take care of my sister, she is so lovely that I cant see she crying.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
教師點評:
短文基本完成試題規(guī)定的任務,整體而言,基本上達到了預期的寫作目的,得12分。
Dear Bob,
I am truly sorry that I cant accompany you to the bookstore.
The reason is that I have to take care of my sister, she has a fever . Maybe she get her cold in the last night, she looks very hard . Besides, I need to finish my homework, which is like a hill .If I can not complete my homework, I will be blame by my teacher and parents. Finally, I want to make another and time to meet, I must accompany you to the bookstore.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours,
Li Hua
教師點評:
完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務,達到了預期的寫作目的,作者會運用非限制性定語從句, 表語從句,語言真切,得20分。
2. 2017全國III卷書面表達題。假定你是李華。你所在的校乒乓球隊正在招收新隊員。請給你的留學生朋友Eric寫封郵件邀請他加入,內容包括:(1)球隊活動;(2)報名方式及截止日期。
注意:(1)詞數(shù)100左右;(2)可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
(1)主要方法及步驟(主要采取A、B兩種方法進行訓練)
方法A:給作文題目,學生自己審題,自己寫。均分是11.94
方法B:分析作文題目,講解模板,學生套用模板,重寫。
(2)模板如下:
Dear Eric,
I am Li Hua.介紹背景…(高分句型)I know…,so Im writing to invite you to … and to be a member of it.
It is known that we can benefit a lot from… It can… and it can… (好處)As to the activities, we plan to…(活動安排一). At the same time, …(活動安排二) If you are interested, sign up
(報名,注冊) on our school website before…(時間:月,日). I hope表達希望…
Looking forward to your joining us/reply.
對比同一學生E, 用方法A 與方法B的前后寫作情況:
Dear Eric,
Our schools ping-pong team is recruiting new members. So, Im writing to express sincere invitation to you. Now, Im writing to tell you something about it.
To begin with, I will introduce you to our school ping-pong team activities, for example, to get up early tomorrow to exercise and practice table tennis for two hours, the last tournament before the final exam, and for the awards ceremony .More importantly, playing ping-pong can give us a good understanding of traditional Chinese culture and strong learning pressure. Last but not least, if you want join it, you can sign up by next Wednesday.
Id appreciate it if you can join us.
Yours,
Li Hua
教師點評:
該生基本完成了寫作要點,但是一些語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤較多,得分11分。
方法B:
Dear Eric,
I am Li Hua.Our school ping-pong team is recruiting new members. I know you are good at play ping-pong, so Im writing to invite you to join us and to be a member of it.
It is known that we can benefit a lot from play ping-pong. It can let us relaxes and it can help us exercise body. As to the activities, we plan to us exercise playing-pong two hour every day. At the same time, the game is held at 2:00 every Sunday afternoon. If you are interested, sign up on our school website before next Monday
2:00 am . I hope you will accept my invitation.
Looking forward to your joining us.
Yours,
Li Hua
教師點評:
文章完成了題目要求的要點,能正確套用模板,出現(xiàn)幾處表達錯誤的地方,但不影響文章的理解。得分20分。
三、結束語
總之,立德樹人成為國家教育之戰(zhàn)略目標,而核心素養(yǎng)的養(yǎng)成教育正是使這一戰(zhàn)略目標得以達成的主要途徑。高中英語寫作能力的提高,取決于扎實的基礎、寫作方法和大量的寫作實踐。只要我們從實際出發(fā),充分調動學生的學習積極性,創(chuàng)造良好的課內外語言環(huán)境,定能有效地促進學生寫作能力的形成,改變學生寫作能力薄弱的現(xiàn)狀,有效地推動學生英語作文層次的提升。