食物過敏和食物不耐受的區(qū)別是什么?

食物過敏和食物不耐受的區(qū)別是什么?

Have you been bombarded with all the news out there related to reactions to food? Terms like food allergy and food intolerance are batted around as if they're the same thing. But are they? Let's take a look.

你是否被與食物反應(yīng)有關(guān)的新聞狂轟濫炸?像食物過敏和食物不耐受這樣的術(shù)語(yǔ)被認(rèn)為是一樣的。但是真的是這樣嗎?讓我們來看看。

A food allergy is an immediate reaction to a food related to a specific antibody to that food called IgE. Almost all the symptoms appear within a few minutes of eating the offending food. Food allergy reactions can involve many different organ systems. The skin is the organ most commonly involved, with hives and/or swelling. Some patients can develop difficulty breathing and may also experience wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, a drop in blood pressure, throat closing off, seizures and even death. This is anaphylaxis, and it is a true medical emergency. All patients with food allergy must avoid the food(s) causing allergy and carry an autoinjector of epinephrine.

食物過敏是對(duì)一種食物的即時(shí)反應(yīng)，這種食物與一種叫做IgE的特定抗體有關(guān)。幾乎所有的癥狀都出現(xiàn)在食用這些令人討厭的食物后的幾分鐘內(nèi)。食物過敏反應(yīng)涉及許多不同的器官系統(tǒng)。皮膚是最常見的器官，有蕁麻疹和/或腫脹。有些病人可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)呼吸困難，還可能出現(xiàn)喘息、嘔吐、腹瀉、血壓下降、喉嚨閉合、癲癇發(fā)作甚至死亡。這是過敏反應(yīng)，是真正的醫(yī)療緊急情況。所有食物過敏的病人必須避免引起過敏的食物，并隨身攜帶腎上腺素自動(dòng)注射器。

Food intolerance or sensitivity is a different condition from true food allergy. It can involve many symptoms, usually affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike a true food allergy, a food intolerance may take hours or even days to develop after eating the offending food. Symptoms may last hours to days. GI symptoms can vary and may include stomach ache, bloating, nausea and diarrhea. Other symptoms linked to food intolerance are headaches, joint problems, reflux and fatigue. Unlike food allergy, food intolerance does not progress to a life-threatening reaction.

食物不耐受或過敏與真正的食物過敏是不同的。它包括許多癥狀，通常影響胃腸道。與真正的食物過敏不同的是，食物不耐受可能需要數(shù)小時(shí)甚至數(shù)天的時(shí)間才能在食用了這些令人討厭的食物后形成。癥狀可能持續(xù)數(shù)小時(shí)至數(shù)天。胃腸道癥狀各不相同，可能包括胃痛、腹脹、惡心和腹瀉。其他與食物不耐受有關(guān)的癥狀包括頭痛、關(guān)節(jié)問題、反流和疲勞。與食物過敏不同，食物不耐受不會(huì)發(fā)展到危及生命的反應(yīng)。

Certain foods are more likely than others to cause food intolerance. For example, some people are missing the enzyme lactase that breaks down sugars in dairy products and this leads to problems. Lactase deficiency can cause gas, abdominal pain, nausea and bloating if the person accidentally consumes dairy. Gluten is a protein found in certain grains – such as wheat, barley and rye – and is linked to numerous conditions of food intolerance. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder due to antibodies produced when eating gluten. The antibodies damage the small intestines and can lead to diarrhea, bloating, gas, weight loss, skin rashes, fatigue and depression. Diagnosis of celiac disease can be confirmed by blood tests and biopsy of the small intestine. Treatment involves maintaining a strict gluten-free diet.

某些食物比其他食物更容易引起食物不耐受。例如，一些人缺少乳糖酶，這種酶可以分解乳制品中的糖，這就導(dǎo)致了問題。如果不小心吃了乳制品，乳糖酶缺乏會(huì)導(dǎo)致脹氣、腹痛、惡心和腹脹。谷蛋白是一種存在于小麥、大麥和黑麥等特定谷物中的蛋白質(zhì)，它與許多食物不耐癥有關(guān)。乳糜瀉是一種自身免疫性疾病，由食用谷蛋白時(shí)產(chǎn)生的抗體引起。這些抗體會(huì)損傷小腸，導(dǎo)致腹瀉、腹脹、脹氣、體重減輕、皮疹、疲勞和抑郁。乳糜瀉的診斷可以通過血液檢測(cè)和小腸活檢來確診。治療包括保持嚴(yán)格的無(wú)谷蛋白飲食。

How do you know if you have a food intolerance? The best approach is to remove any foods from your diet that you believe are causing the problem and see if your symptoms resolve. If they do, you should re-challenge yourself with the food and see if the symptoms re-develop in order to confirm the cause. What if you're unsure if a specific food is causing you problems? You could try an elimination diet, which removes the most common foods that cause symptoms and see if you feel better. Ideally this should be done under the care of your allergist.

你如何知道你是否有食物不耐受?最好的方法是從你的飲食中去除任何你認(rèn)為引起問題的食物，看看你的癥狀是否消失了。如果是這樣，你應(yīng)該重新挑戰(zhàn)自己的食物，看看癥狀是否重新發(fā)展，以確定原因。如果你不確定某種特定的食物是否會(huì)給你帶來問題呢?你可以嘗試一種消除飲食法，去除最常見的引起癥狀的食物，看看你是否感覺好些。理想情況下，這應(yīng)該在你的過敏?？漆t(yī)生的照顧下完成。