吃得好，多鍛煉：降低癡呆癥風險的新全球指南

吃得好，多鍛煉：降低癡呆癥風險的新全球指南

There's no effective treatment for dementia, which affects 50 million people worldwide, but the World Health Organization says there's much can be done to delay or slow the onset and progression of the disease.

沒有有效治療癡呆癥的方法，全世界有5000萬人受到影響，但世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，可以采取很多措施來延緩或延緩該病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。

In guidelines released Tuesday, WHO issued its first recommendations to reduce the risk of dementia globally. They include regular physical exercise, not using tobacco, drinking less alcohol, maintaining healthy blood pressure and eating a healthy diet -- particularly a Mediterranean one.

在周二發(fā)布的指導方針中，世衛(wèi)組織首次提出了降低全球癡呆癥風險的建議。包括有規(guī)律的體育鍛煉，不吸煙，少喝酒，保持健康的血壓和健康的飲食-特別是地中海飲食。

The international health body also warned against taking dietary supplements such as vitamins B and E in an effort to combat cognitive decline and dementia.

國際衛(wèi)生組織還警告不要服用維生素B和E等膳食補充劑，以對抗認知減退和癡呆癥。

"While some people are unlucky and inherit a combination of genes that makes it highly likely they will develop dementia, many people have the opportunity to substantially reduce their risk by living a healthy lifestyle," professor Tara Spires-Jones, UK Dementia Research Institute program lead and deputy director of the Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, told the Science Media Center.

英國癡呆癥研究所項目負責人、愛丁堡大學發(fā)現腦科學中心副主任塔拉·斯皮爾斯-瓊斯教授告訴科學媒體中心：“雖然有些人運氣不好，遺傳的基因組合使他們極有可能患上癡呆癥，但許多人有機會通過健康的生活方式來大幅降低自己的風險。”他是英國癡呆癥研究所項目負責人，也是愛丁堡大學發(fā)現腦科學中心(Centre For Discovery Brain Sciences At The University Of Edinburgh)的副主任。

What will and won't help

什么會有幫助，什么不會有幫助

The 78-page report outlined what WHO believes will -- and won't -- help reduce the risk of dementia, which has been described by campaigners as the biggest health challenge of our generation.

這份長達78頁的報告概述了世衛(wèi)組織認為將-以及不會-有助于降低癡呆癥風險的內容，而癡呆癥一直被活動家描述為我們這代人最大的健康挑戰(zhàn)。It recommended physical activity, stopping smoking, consuming less alcohol and a healthy, balanced diet. In particular, it says that committing to a Mediterranean diet (simple plant-based cooking, little meat and a heavy emphasis on olive oil) could help.

它建議進行體育鍛煉，戒煙，減少飲酒和健康均衡的飲食。具體地說，它說，致力于地中海飲食 (簡單的植物性烹飪，少吃肉，高度強調橄欖油)可能會有所幫助。

"The Mediterranean diet is the most extensively studied dietary approach, in general as well as in relation to cognitive function," the report said. "Several systematic reviews of observational studies have concluded that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, but modest adherence is not."

“地中海飲食是研究最廣泛的飲食方法，總的來說，以及與認知功能相關的，”報告說。“對觀察性研究的幾個系統(tǒng)回顧得出的結論是，高度堅持地中海飲食與降低輕度認知障礙和阿爾茨海默病的風險有關，但適度堅持與此無關。”

The report recommended proper management of weight, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia -- unhealthy or unbalanced cholesterol levels -- as measures that could potentially reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive decline.

該報告建議適當管理體重、高血壓、糖尿病和血脂異常-不健康或不平衡的膽固醇水平-作為可能降低癡呆和認知能力下降風險的措施。

Although the report stressed that social participation and social support are strongly connected to good health and individual well-being, it said there was insufficient evidence linking social activity with a reduced of risk of dementia.

盡管該報告強調，社會參與和社會支持與良好的健康和個人福祉密切相關，但它表示，沒有足夠的證據表明社交活動與癡呆癥風險的降低有關。

Similarly, it said cognitive training could be offered to older adults but the evidence linking it to a lower risk of dementia was "very low to low."

同樣，它說可以向老年人提供認知培訓，但將其與較低的癡呆癥風險聯系起來的證據是“非常低到很低的”。