關于巨石陣的5個有趣的事實

關于巨石陣的5個有趣的事實

Humans have spent centuries studying Stonehenge, yet it still has a few tricks up its sleeve. In recent years, for instance, research has shown the size of the world's most mysterious megalithic monument is much larger than previously assumed, giving enthusiasts a whole new set of questions to ponder.

人類花了幾個世紀的時間研究巨石陣，但它仍然有一些錦囊妙計。例如，近年來的研究表明，這座世界上最神秘的巨石紀念碑的規(guī)模比之前的設想要大得多，這給了愛好者們一套全新的思考問題的方式。

Behold the most architecturally sophisticated prehistoric stone circle in the world. (Photo: Filip Fuxa/Shutterstock)

While many secrets of the sacred site will remain hidden, here are some impressive facts about Stonehenge that have come to light:

雖然這個神圣的地方的許多秘密仍將被隱藏，但這里有一些關于巨石陣的令人印象深刻的事實已經(jīng)浮出水面:

1.It's not alone. It has long been thought Stonehenge stood in isolation, but recent research — described in the BBC Two documentary "Operation Stonehenge: What Lies Beneath" — employed techniques to scan below the surface and has uncovered something different. Underground maps show 17 previously unknown shrines and hundreds of other archaeological features around the site, including types of monuments never seen before.

它并不孤獨。長久以來，人們一直認為巨石陣是孤立的，但最近的研究——英國廣播公司的兩部紀錄片《巨石陣行動:隱藏在地下的東西》中對此進行了描述——利用技術掃描了地下，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些不同的東西。地下地圖顯示了17座以前不為人知的神殿，以及該遺址周圍數(shù)百處其他考古特征，包括從未見過的紀念碑類型。

2.It started with deer antlers and bovine bones. Stonehenge dates back to around 5,000 years ago. It began as an earthwork — a bank and ditch called a henge. Archeologists think the ditch was dug from tools made of red deer antlers; the chalk underneath was likely removed with shovels made of cattle shoulder blades.

它始于鹿角和牛骨。巨石陣可以追溯到大約5000年前。它開始是一個土方工程-一個銀行和溝稱為henge?？脊艑W家認為這條溝是由馬鹿鹿角制成的工具挖掘而成;下面的粉筆很可能是用牛肩胛骨做成的鏟子鏟掉的。

The stones of the inner and outer circles. (Photo: Brian C. Weed/Shutterstock)

3.It includes imported bluestones. The first section, the inner circle, is comprised of about 80 bluestones that weigh a whopping 4 tons each. The stones were quarried in the Prescelly Mountains at a site known as Carn Menyn in Wales. Remarkably, the quarry is located more than 150 miles from the site. Modern theories suggest the stones made the trip courtesy of rollers, sledges, rafts and barges.

其中包括進口青石。第一部分，內(nèi)圓，由大約80塊重達4噸的青石組成。這些石頭是在威爾士一個叫卡恩·梅寧的地方的普雷斯利山開采的。值得注意的是，采石場距離現(xiàn)場超過150英里?，F(xiàn)代理論認為，這些石頭是由滾輪、雪橇、木筏和駁船運來的。

4.It might have been a healing shrine. Why they would select stone from so far away remains one of many unanswered questions. One theory suggests the builders believed the rocks of Carn Menyn were endowed with mystical properties for recuperation, and since visiting the mountains was difficult, bringing the stones to Stonehenge was a way to create a more accessible shrine for healing.

它可能是一個治療圣地。為什么他們要從這么遠的地方選擇石頭，仍然是許多懸而未決的問題之一。有一種理論認為，建造者認為卡恩梅寧的巖石具有神秘的療養(yǎng)功能，由于參觀這些山很困難，把這些石頭帶到巨石陣是一種創(chuàng)造更容易接近的治療圣地的方法。

Thousands gather at Stonehenge in 2017 to witness the sun rising on the longest day of the year. (Photo: Chris Allan/Shutterstock.com)

5.The lintels were tricky, too. To secure the upright stones with the horizontal lintels, Stonehenge's builders made mortise holes and protruding tenons to ensure stability. The lintels were then fit together using tongue-and-groove joints.

門楣也很棘手。為了用水平的門楣固定垂直的石頭，巨石陣的建造者們打了一些榫眼和突出的榫來確保穩(wěn)定。然后用舌槽接合把門楣接合在一起。