你的易怒暴露了你的自負(fù)

您的脾氣暴躁嗎?呃，看了下面的內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)不要打我們好不……您可能并不像你想象的那么聰明——這是根據(jù)波蘭和澳大利亞的科學(xué)家共同研究得出的結(jié)論。

And it's because anger is strongly related to traits such as optimism and narcissism, which tend to lead a person to overestimation of their own abilities.

因?yàn)閼嵟c樂觀和自戀等特質(zhì)密切相關(guān)，這些特征往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人高估自己的能力。

"In a recent project I examined the relationship between anger and various cognitive functions," psychologist Marcin Zajenkowski of the University of Warsaw told Psypost.

“在最近的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，我研究了憤怒與各種認(rèn)知功能之間的關(guān)系。”華沙大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家Marcin Zajenkowski說，

"I noticed from the literature review that anger differs significantly from other negative emotions, such as sadness, anxiety or depression. Anger is more approach oriented and associated with optimistic risk perception and generally optimistic bias."

“我從文獻(xiàn)綜述中注意到，憤怒與其他負(fù)面情緒有很大不同，例如悲傷，焦慮或抑郁。憤怒更多是面向路徑的，與樂觀主義的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知和普遍的樂觀偏見相關(guān)聯(lián)。”

He wanted to see if anger had any relationship with a bias in favour of the person's own abilities, so, together with psychologist Gilles Gignac of the University of Western Australia, designed an experiment to test it.

他想看看憤怒是否與高估自身能力有關(guān)，因此與西澳大利亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家Gilles Gignac一起設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

They recruited 528 people and had them fill out questionnaires. These questionnaires quizzed them on their temper, and asked them to also rate their own intelligence on a 25-point scale. Then they had to take an intelligence test.

他們招募了528位志愿者，讓他們填寫調(diào)查問卷。內(nèi)容涉及個(gè)人的脾氣秉性，要求他們?yōu)樽约旱男愿翊蚍?，滿分是25。然后他們還要接受智商測(cè)試。

There was no relationship found between the participants' temper and their actual intelligence levels. So you could, in fact, be a smart angry person.

結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與者的脾氣大小與他們的實(shí)際智力水平之間沒有任何關(guān)系。事實(shí)上，你可以成為一個(gè)即聰明又容易被激怒的人。

However, those with a high temper were found, overall, to overestimate how intelligent they actually were. This facet of anger - overconfident optimism - was found to be related to narcissism. And it could be causing damage interpersonal relationships, too.

然而，總體而言，脾氣暴躁的人高估了他們實(shí)際上的聰明程度。這種憤怒——過于自信的樂觀主義——被認(rèn)為與自戀相關(guān)。它也可能損害良性的人際關(guān)系。

"Individuals with high Narcissism do not establish deep, intimate bonds with others, but rather surpass and dominate others. Correspondingly, Trait Anger is associated with problems in relationships," the researchers wrote in their paper.

論文中寫道：“高度自戀的人并不與他人建立深厚的親密關(guān)系，而是要超越并支配其他人。相應(yīng)地，憤怒特質(zhì)令人際關(guān)系出現(xiàn)問題。”

"We speculate that these difficulties may be related to the thoughts of superiority to others, especially in the ability domain. Often, experiences of anger might result in thoughts such as, 'I am smart' and 'You are stupid', which may, in turn, cause problems in creating positive relations with others."

“我們推測(cè)可能與他人的優(yōu)越感有關(guān)，特別是在能力領(lǐng)域。通常，憤怒中可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生諸如‘我聰明’ 和‘你是愚蠢的’ 之類的想法，反過來，懷抱這種想法，就會(huì)被對(duì)方的優(yōu)越感激怒——‘你竟然愚蠢到不聽從我的真知灼見’。”

The study did have limitations. All the participants were Polish university undergraduates, which may subject it to the WEIRD problem. The researchers' measure of self-assessed intelligence was also a somewhat simple one, and there may be more reliable ways of assessing overconfidence.

該研究確實(shí)有局限性。所有參與者都是波蘭大學(xué)的本科生，來源單一的樣本可能受到某種共同因素的干擾。研究人員對(duì)脾氣的測(cè)量方式也很粗糙，可能需要更可靠的方法來評(píng)估人們的自信程度。

Lastly, it was based on self-report surveys, rather than an experiment. In these cases, it's possible that the participants' assessment of their own behaviour is inaccurate.

最后，它是基于自我報(bào)告的調(diào)查，而不是實(shí)驗(yàn)。在這些情況下，參與者對(duì)自己行為的評(píng)估可能是不準(zhǔn)確的。

So a causal link between the correlation of anger and intelligence overestimation cannot be established at this point - further research would need to take place.

因此，目前還無法為憤怒和智力自負(fù)的相關(guān)性建立起因果關(guān)系——需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。

The team noted that they only assessed those with a disposition towards anger. Future research, they said, could also look at transient, fleeting anger to determine if a similar effect can be observed.

該團(tuán)隊(duì)指出，他們只評(píng)估了那些總是抱有憤怒情緒的人。他們表示，未來的研究還可以考慮短暫的、稍縱即逝的憤怒情緒，以確定是否可以觀察到類似的效果。

The team's research has been published in the journal Intelligence.

研究成果發(fā)表在Intelligence期刊上。