發(fā)明巨無霸漢堡的麥當(dāng)勞老店主逝世，享年98歲

In April 1967, hamburger lovers in Uniontown, Pa., south of Pittsburgh, met a newer, bigger burger. Introduced by a local McDonald’s, it was called the Big Mac, and for 45 cents it delivered, as a 1970s jingle would have it, “two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame-seed bun.”

1967年4月，位于賓夕法尼亞州匹茲堡南部尤寧敦(Uniontown)的一位漢堡愛好者見到了一種更新、更大的漢堡。它由當(dāng)?shù)氐柠湲?dāng)勞(McDonald’s)推出，被稱為巨無霸(Big Mac)。就像70年代的廣告歌曲里唱的，只要45美分，你就可以得到“鋪在帶芝麻的圓面包上的兩塊純牛肉餅、特制醬料、生菜、奶酪、泡菜和洋蔥”。

Response was positive. A year later, the Big Mac was on the menu at McDonald’s restaurants all over the United States. By 1969, it accounted for 19 percent of the company’s total sales. Today, the company sells about 550 million Big Macs annually in the United States alone, and millions more in 100 countries around the world.

市場(chǎng)反響非常好。一年后，巨無霸就登上了美國所有麥當(dāng)勞店的菜單。至1969年，它已經(jīng)占到公司整體銷售額的19%?，F(xiàn)在，這家公司每年單單在美國就能賣出5.5億個(gè)巨無霸，在世界其他100多個(gè)國家還能賣出成百上千萬個(gè)。

Jim Delligatti, the McDonald’s franchise owner who invented the Big Mac, died on Monday at his home in Fox Chapel, Pa. He was 98. The death was confirmed by his son Michael.

本周一，發(fā)明巨無霸漢堡的麥當(dāng)勞特許經(jīng)銷商吉姆·德利加蒂(Jim Delligatti)在位于賓夕法尼亞州?？怂共殓?duì)?Fox Chapel)的家中逝世，享年98歲。這個(gè)消息得到了他的兒子邁克爾(Michael)的確認(rèn)。

Mr. Delligatti, who opened the first McDonald’s in western Pennsylvania in 1957, owned about a dozen franchises in the Pittsburgh area by the mid-1960s, but he struggled to compete with the Big Boy and Burger King chains.

德利加蒂于1957年開了西賓夕法尼亞州的第一家麥當(dāng)勞店。至60年代中期，他在匹茲堡地區(qū)已經(jīng)擁有了十來家特許經(jīng)銷店，不過與大男孩(Big Boy)和漢堡王(Burger King)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈。

He proposed to company executives that they add a double-patty hamburger to the McDonald’s menu, something along the lines of the Big Boy, that could put a dent in sales of Burger King’s Whopper.

他向公司高管提議學(xué)習(xí)大男孩餐廳的做法，在麥當(dāng)勞的菜單上增加一種雙層肉餅漢堡，搶奪漢堡王推出的皇堡(Whopper)的市場(chǎng)份額。

He met with resistance. Top executives worried that any addition to the limited McDonald’s menu would gum up the works, and that a higher-priced burger — the basic McDonald’s hamburger cost just 18 cents — would alienate customers. After lobbying by Ralph Lanphar, a regional manager in Columbus, Ohio, headquarters gave Mr. Delligatti permission to test the Big Mac in Uniontown, using only McDonald’s ingredients.

他遇到了阻力。高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)擔(dān)心在有限的麥當(dāng)勞菜單上增加新品會(huì)把事情搞砸，也擔(dān)心定價(jià)更高的漢堡——麥當(dāng)勞基礎(chǔ)漢堡的價(jià)格當(dāng)時(shí)只要18美分——會(huì)嚇跑顧客。經(jīng)過俄亥俄州哥倫布市區(qū)域經(jīng)理拉爾夫·蘭帕爾(Ralph Lanphar)的游說，麥當(dāng)勞總部批準(zhǔn)德利加蒂在尤寧敦試售巨無霸漢堡，不過只能使用麥當(dāng)勞自己的現(xiàn)有原料。

Two patties, etc., did not fit on a standard McDonald’s bun, so Mr. Delligatti went rogue, ordering a large sesame-seeded bun from a local baker. He split it in three and assembled the Big Mac as the world knows it today, with a special sauce of his own devising.

但兩塊肉餅與麥當(dāng)勞常規(guī)的圓面包無法匹配，所以德利加蒂使了點(diǎn)手段，向當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€(gè)面包師傅那里訂購了尺寸更大的芝麻圓面包。他把漢堡分為三層，用各種原料做成今天世人所知的巨無霸漢堡，其中添加了他獨(dú)家調(diào)制的醬料。

It was introduced on April 22, 1967, with newspaper ads describing it as “made with two freshly ground patties, tangy melted cheese, crisp lettuce, pickle and our own Special Sauce.”

這款漢堡在1967年4月22日上市，報(bào)紙上刊登的廣告將它描述為“用新鮮的肉餅、味道濃郁的融化奶酪、脆嫩的生菜、泡菜和我們自己特制的醬料制成”。

“It wasn’t like discovering the light bulb,” Mr. Delligatti told John F. Love, the author of “McDonald’s: Behind the Arches” (1986). “The bulb was already there. All I did was screw it in the socket.”

“這不像是發(fā)明電燈，”德利加蒂對(duì)1986年出版的《麥當(dāng)勞：拱門之下》(McDonald’s: Behind the Arches)一書的作者約翰·F·洛夫(John F. Love)講道。“燈泡已經(jīng)有了。我所做的只是把它插到插口里。”

Michael James Delligatti was born on Aug. 2, 1918, in Uniontown. His father, James, held a variety of jobs, from farrier to candy maker, and the family moved often. His mother, the former Lucille Dandrea, was a homemaker.

邁克爾·詹姆士·德利加蒂(Michael James Delligatti)1918年8月2日出生在尤寧敦。他的父親詹姆士做過包括蹄鐵工和糖果制造在內(nèi)的各種工作，家里經(jīng)常搬家。他的母親露西爾·丹德烈亞(Lucille Dandrea)是家庭主婦。

After graduating from Fairmont High School in West Virginia, Mr. Delligatti held a variety of jobs before entering the Army in 1942. He served in Europe with the 26th Infantry Division, known as the Yankee Division.

從西弗吉尼亞的費(fèi)爾蒙特高中(Fairmont High School)畢業(yè)后，德利加蒂做過各種工作，然后在1942年參軍。他隨第26步兵師——也被稱為洋基師——在歐洲服役。

He worked a succession of odd jobs on returning home before hitchhiking to Southern California, where he worked at several drive-in restaurants and managed a Big Boy, whose feature hamburger with special sauce made an impression.

回鄉(xiāng)之后，他做過一系列零工，然后搭便車去了南加州。在那里，他在好幾家免下車餐館工作過，還管理過一家大男孩餐廳，后者有特制醬料的特色漢堡給他留下了深刻的印象。

In 2012, a corporate chef for McDonald’s demonstrated, in a video, how to make the Big Mac Special Sauce, using mayonnaise, sweet pickle relish, yellow mustard, white wine vinegar, garlic powder, onion powder and paprika.

2012年，麥當(dāng)勞的廚師在一段視頻中展示了如何制作巨無霸漢堡的特制醬料，他使用了蛋黃醬、酸黃瓜醬、黃芥末、白葡萄酒醋、大蒜粉、洋蔥粉和紅辣椒粉。

In 1953, Mr. Delligatti and a friend, John Sweeney, combined their last names and opened a drive-in restaurant in Pittsburgh, Delney’s.

1953年，德利加蒂和朋友約翰·斯威尼(John Sweeney)一起在匹茲堡開了一家免下車餐廳德爾尼家(Delney’s)，這個(gè)名字融合了兩位合伙人的姓。

While attending a restaurant trade show in Chicago in 1955, Mr. Delligatti became interested in the McDonald’s booth. He then visited a new McDonald’s in Illinois.

1955年在芝加哥參加一場(chǎng)餐飲行業(yè)展時(shí)，德利加蒂對(duì)麥當(dāng)勞的展位產(chǎn)生了興趣。接著，他拜訪了麥當(dāng)勞在伊利諾伊州的一家新店。

He became one of the company’s earliest franchisees, opening a McDonald’s in Pittsburgh in 1957. He went on to open 47 more over the next 25 years.

他成了麥當(dāng)勞最早的特許經(jīng)銷商之一，于1957年在匹茲堡開了一家麥當(dāng)勞店。在接下來的25年時(shí)間里，他又相繼開出47家麥當(dāng)勞店。

Along the way, he began serving a hot breakfast to local steelworkers coming off the night shift. As with the Big Mac, the Hotcakes and Sausage Meal became part of the national McDonald’s menu.

在這個(gè)過程中，他開始給當(dāng)?shù)叵峦戆嗟臒掍摴と颂峁┮环N熱乎的早餐。就像巨無霸漢堡一樣，豬柳熱香餅套餐后來也上了全國各個(gè)麥當(dāng)勞餐廳的菜單。

The Big Mac remains his legacy, celebrated in song and story. In 1986, The Economist introduced its Big Mac Index, which shows whether a currency is overvalued or undervalued based on the cost of a Big Mac in one country relative to the cost in another.

巨無霸漢堡依然是他的遺產(chǎn)，在歌曲和故事里被頌揚(yáng)。1986年，《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》(The Economist)曾推出巨無霸指數(shù)(Big Mac Index)，通過將巨無霸漢堡在一個(gè)國家的價(jià)格與另一個(gè)國家的相比，來判斷一種貨幣的幣值是被高估還是低估。

With backing from McDonald’s, Mr. Delligatti opened the Big Mac Museum Restaurant in North Huntingdon, Pa., in 2007,with a 14-foot-tall Big Mac sculpture as its centerpiece.

在麥當(dāng)勞的支持下，德利加蒂于2007年在賓夕法尼亞州的北亨廷登(North Huntingdon)開設(shè)了巨無霸博物館餐廳(Big Mac Museum Restaurant)，它的中心裝飾是一座14英尺(約4.3米)高的巨無霸漢堡雕塑。

In addition to his son Michael, Mr. Delligatti is survived by his wife, the former Eleanor Carmody, known as Ellie; another son, James; five grandchildren; and eight great-grandchildren.

除了兒子邁克爾，德利加蒂身后還留下了妻子埃莉諾·卡莫迪(Eleanor Carmody)——大家叫她埃莉——另一個(gè)兒子詹姆士，以及5個(gè)孫(女)和8個(gè)重孫(女)。

Last week, McDonald’s began testing two new versions of the Big Mac in Texas and central Ohio: a Mac Jr. and a supersize Grand Mac. Big Mac, in other words, might become Middle Mac. But the sales remain huge, leading many to believe that Mr. Delligatti, as its inventor, must have reaped a windfall worth billions.

上周，麥當(dāng)勞開始在德克薩斯州和俄亥俄州中部試售兩個(gè)新版本的巨無霸漢堡：小巨無霸(Mac Jr. )和超大號(hào)的超巨無霸(Grand Mac)。換句話說，巨無霸有可能會(huì)變成了中巨無霸(Middle Mac)。始終可觀的銷量讓許多人覺得作為它的發(fā)明者，德利加蒂肯定獲益頗豐。

Not so. “All I got was a plaque,” he told The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette in 2007.

情況并非如此。“我得到的只有一個(gè)匾額，”他在2007年對(duì)《匹茲堡郵報(bào)》(The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette)說。