美國(guó)社會(huì)學(xué)家給大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的忠告（雙語(yǔ)）

1. Don't worry about making your dreams come true

1. 追隨夢(mèng)想，不要心慌

College graduates are often told: "follow your passion," do "what you love," what you were "meant to do," or "make your dreams come true." Two-thirds think they're going find a job that allows them to change the world, half within five years. Yikes.

This sets young people up to fail. The truth is that the vast majority of us will not be employed in a job that is both our lifelong passion and a world-changer; that's just not the way our global economy is. So it's ok to set your sights just a tad below occupational ecstasy. Just find a job that you like. Use that job to help you have a full life with lots of good things and pleasure and helping others and stuff. A great life is pretty good, even if it's not perfect.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)生們常常會(huì)聽到，“追隨夢(mèng)想”，“做你喜歡做的事”，“讓你的夢(mèng)想成真”。每當(dāng)這時(shí)，2/3的青年就像是打了雞血一樣，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備找到工作，改變世界，不過(guò)大概其中只有一半在5年后才能做到。

這些鼓勵(lì)的話常常讓大家越來(lái)越感到挫敗。事實(shí)是這樣：我們中的大多數(shù)都不能找到一個(gè)這樣的工作，既能和自己興趣相投，也可以改變世界。這不怪我們，經(jīng)濟(jì)大環(huán)境就那樣。所以，還是不要太張狂，能老老實(shí)實(shí)找一個(gè)比較喜歡的工作就好啦。讓這個(gè)工作充實(shí)你的生活，并且樂(lè)于幫助他人。偉大的人生在于善良，無(wú)所謂完美。

2. Make friends

2. 交結(jié)朋友

Americans put far too much emphasis on finding Mr. or Ms. Right and getting married. We think this will bring us happiness. In fact, however, both psychological well-being and health are more strongly related to friendship. If you have good friends, you'll be less likely to get the common cold, less likely to die from cancer, recover better from the loss of a spouse, and keep your mental acuity as you age. You'll also feel more capable of facing life's challenges, be less likely to feed depressed or commit suicide, and be happier in old age. Having happy friends increases your chance of being happy as much as an extra $145,500 a year does. So, make friends!

美國(guó)人過(guò)于注重談戀愛，找到理想的另一半，然后步入婚姻殿堂。我們認(rèn)為婚姻會(huì)給自己帶來(lái)幸福。事實(shí)上，心理和身體的健康都和友誼有著極大關(guān)聯(lián)。如果你有很多好朋友，那么你患感冒和死于癌癥的幾率都會(huì)降低，也會(huì)更好地從失去配偶的傷痛中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)，而且智力衰退將更慢。面對(duì)人生的坎坷，你會(huì)更有信心，抑郁和自殺的幾率也會(huì)降低，老年生活更幸福。擁有快樂(lè)的朋友們會(huì)增加你的幸福感，這幸福感相當(dāng)于你每年可以多掙145500美元的快感。所以，多交朋友。

3. Don't worry about being single

3. 還是單身?不用擔(dān)心

Single people, especially women, are stigmatized in our society: we're all familiar with the image of a sad, lonely woman eating ice cream with her cats in her pajamas on Saturday night. But about 45 percent of US adults aren't married and around one in seven lives alone.

This might be you. Research shows that young people's expectations about their marital status (e.g., the desire to be married by 30 and have kids by 32) have little or no relationship to what actually happens to people. So, go with the flow.

And, if you're single, you're in good company. Single people spend more time with friends, volunteer more, and are more involved in their communities than married people. Never-married and divorced women are happier, on average, than married women. So, don't buy into the myth of the miserable singleton.

單身人士、尤其是單身女性更容易遭到社會(huì)的非議：我們都很熟悉一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，周六晚上，裹著睡袍的女子只有貓咪陪在身邊，一臉抑郁地嚼著冰淇淋。但實(shí)際上，美國(guó)有45%成年人處于未婚狀態(tài)，而且其中有1/7獨(dú)自生活。

也許你也是其中一個(gè)。研究表明，年輕人對(duì)他們的婚姻規(guī)劃通常如下：30歲之前結(jié)婚，32歲之前要孩子。但往往事與愿違。所以，就那樣吧。

如果是單身，你可能會(huì)有更多小伙伴陪。單身可以有更多時(shí)間和朋友們呆在一起，更愿意幫助他人，更容易融入各種圈子。平均來(lái)講，從沒(méi)結(jié)婚，或者離婚的女性更加幸福。所以，不要為還是單身郁郁寡歡。

4. Don't take your ideas about gender and marriage too seriously

4. 不要太在意婚姻中的男女地位

If you do get married, keep going with the flow. Relationship satisfaction, financial security, and happy kids are more strongly related to flexibility in the face of life's challenges than any particular way of organizing families. The most functional families are ones that can bend. So partnering with someone who thinks that one partner should support their families and the other should take responsibility for the house and children is a recipe for disaster. So is being equally rigid about non-traditional divisions of labor. It's okay to have ideas about how to organize your family but your best bet for happiness is to be flexible.

如果已婚，要順其自然學(xué)會(huì)變通。比起特定的組織家庭的方式，善于應(yīng)變是夫妻和睦、收入穩(wěn)定、孩子快樂(lè)的法寶。最團(tuán)結(jié)的家庭是懂得變通的家庭。不要規(guī)定誰(shuí)必須養(yǎng)家，誰(shuí)必須打理家務(wù)，照看孩子，這對(duì)婚姻的傷害很大，不要被傳統(tǒng)觀念束縛。對(duì)家庭分工有想法不是件壞事，但為家庭整體幸福著想，還是應(yīng)該靈活變通一些。

5. Think hard about whether to buy a house

5. 買房?三思而后行

Our current image of the American Dream revolves around homeownership, and buying a home is often taken for granted as a stage on the path to full-fledge adulthood. But the ideal of universal home ownership was born in the 1950s. It's a rather new idea.

With such a short history, it's funny that people often insist that buying a house is a fool-proof investment and the best way to secure retirement. In fact, buying a house may not be the best choice for you. The mortgage may be less than rent, but there are also taxes, insurance, and the increasingly common Home Owners Association (HOA) fees. You may someday sell the house for more than you bought it but, if you paid interest on a mortgage, you also paid far more than the sale price. You have freedom from a landlord, but may discover your HOA is just as controlling, or worse. And then there's the headache: renting relieves you from the stress of being responsible for repairs. It also offers a freedom of movement that you might cherish.

So, think carefully about whether buying or renting is a better fit for your finances, lifestyle, and future goals.

擁有自己的房子成為了如今“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”的一部分，也被視作完全成人的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。不過(guò)，擁有房產(chǎn)這件事從20世紀(jì)50年代才開始有，所以還不太成熟喔。

人們通常認(rèn)為買房可以保障退休生活，這簡(jiǎn)直傻到家。事實(shí)上買房對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)也許不是最佳選擇。按揭可能比租金便宜，但不要忘了還有稅費(fèi)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和“房產(chǎn)持有費(fèi)”。可能有天你賣個(gè)好價(jià)錢，比買價(jià)高，不過(guò)算上按揭利息和稅費(fèi)也是虧了。你可以免受房東的氣，但將發(fā)現(xiàn)你的“房產(chǎn)持有費(fèi)”更讓你喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)。此外，還有個(gè)讓人頭疼的事情：租房可以讓你免于維修的責(zé)任和壓力，但買房卻不能。租房還能讓你自由來(lái)去。

所以，買房還是租房，先看看自己腰包、生活習(xí)慣和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算再說(shuō)。

6. Think even harder about having kids

6.要孩子?三思再三思而后行

One father had this to say about children: "They're a huge source of joy, but they turn every other source of joy to shit." In fact, having children correlates with both an increased sense of purpose in life and a long-lasting decrease in individual and marital happiness. Having kids means spending a lot of your short life and limited income on one source of joy. You have only so much time and money and there are lots of ways to find satisfaction, pleasure, and meaning in this life. Consider all your options.

曾有一個(gè)父親這樣說(shuō)到：“曾經(jīng)我有很多樂(lè)子，但現(xiàn)在他們是我唯一的樂(lè)子，其它的就別提了。”確實(shí)，要孩子就意味著更多的責(zé)任，以及更少的單獨(dú)空間和婚姻生活;也意味著把你有限的生命和有限的收入押在了唯一的樂(lè)子上。你可以用這些時(shí)間找到很多滿足，找到生命的其它意義。所有，還是先看看自己目前的狀況再做決定。