英教育大臣呼吁學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)課堂教學(xué)法

Schools are being urged to go back to ‘chalk andtalk’ teaching that was once widespread in Britain –in order to reproduce the success the traditionalmethods now have in China.

為了重現(xiàn)當(dāng)年英國(guó)普遍使用的傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法的輝煌成果，英國(guó)教育部部長(zhǎng)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)校返璞歸真，回歸目前在中國(guó)廣為應(yīng)用的板書(shū)授課教學(xué)方法。

Education Minister Nick Gibb said having a teacherspeak to the class as a whole from the front wasmuch more effective than children working on theirown – the method which has become dominant inschools over the past 40 years.

英國(guó)教育部長(zhǎng)尼克·吉布稱，比起讓孩子們進(jìn)行自主學(xué)習(xí)，老師在全班同學(xué)面前講課的效率更高。而讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)這種教學(xué)方法曾在過(guò)去的40多年里占據(jù)教學(xué)的主導(dǎo)地位。

 

 

Mr Gibb’s intervention, which will infuriate many in the educational establishment, follows aGovernment scheme in which more than 70 maths teachers from British primaries went toShanghai to study the teaching styles of their Chinese counterparts.

吉布的說(shuō)辭將會(huì)刺激教育界的許多神經(jīng)。之前，英國(guó)政府實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，把70多名小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)老師派到上海，學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)老師的教學(xué)方式。

Researchers have found that children in China achieve marks in maths up to 30 per cent higherthan English pupils of the same age.

研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)孩子的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)比同齡的英國(guó)孩子高出了30%。

In ‘whole class’ teaching, which was common in this country until the 1950s, the teacherinstructs all the pupils together by using a blackboard, or its equivalent, while testing thechildren with questions.

50年代，“全班教學(xué)”在英國(guó)非常普遍，老師使用黑板或類(lèi)似的東西給學(xué)生們授課，用提問(wèn)的方式淳淳善誘來(lái)測(cè)試學(xué)生是否聽(tīng)懂。

But progressive educationalists argued this was too authoritarian, and instead promoted the‘child-centred’ approach that has been prevalent in primary schools since then. Under thissystem, pupils are encouraged to ‘discover’ knowledge by themselves, working at their ownspeed or in small groups, with the teacher offering them support.

但教育改革派認(rèn)為這種方法太過(guò)“獨(dú)裁”，從那時(shí)起“以學(xué)生為中心”的教學(xué)模式開(kāi)始在小學(xué)校中盛行開(kāi)來(lái)。在這種教學(xué)系統(tǒng)下，學(xué)生們被鼓勵(lì)根據(jù)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度、自己去“發(fā)現(xiàn)”問(wèn)題、進(jìn)行小組學(xué)習(xí)，而老師只提供輔助。

Mr Gibb told The Mail on Sunday: ‘I would like to see schools across the country adopt wholeclass teaching methods, particularly in maths and science. Research shows it is significantlymore effective than other methods that concentrate more on personalised learning.’

周日，吉布先生接受《每日郵報(bào)》采訪時(shí)說(shuō)：“我希望全國(guó)的學(xué)校都能夠采用整班教學(xué)方法，尤其在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)這兩個(gè)學(xué)科上。研究顯示，這種方法比其它關(guān)注個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)方法更有效。”

He said Shanghai schools topped international league tables, with 15-year-olds there threeyears ahead of their English counterparts in maths.

他說(shuō)上海的學(xué)校一直在國(guó)際比賽排名中名列前茅，15歲學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)能力等同于英國(guó)18歲學(xué)生。

Mr Gibb added: ‘In Shanghai primary schools, whole class teaching with all pupils taking part inquestion and answer sessions is key to their success. All their pupils are taught the samecurriculum and all are expected to reach the same high standard.’

吉布補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“在上海小學(xué)里，所有學(xué)生參與課堂問(wèn)答是他們?nèi)〉贸晒Φ年P(guān)鍵。所有的學(xué)生被教授以同樣的知識(shí)，老師期望所有的學(xué)生都能達(dá)到同樣的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。”

Professor Alan Smithers, director of the Centre for Education and Employment Research atBuckingham University, said: ‘English education was overtaken with progressive ideas in recentdecades, which held it was better for children to learn by themselves and at their own pace.

英國(guó)白金漢大學(xué)教育與就業(yè)研究中心主任艾倫·史密瑟斯教授說(shuō)：“近幾十年來(lái)，認(rèn)為讓孩子根據(jù)自己的節(jié)奏進(jìn)行自主學(xué)習(xí)更好的激進(jìn)言論占據(jù)了英國(guó)的教育界。”

‘This was clearly madness, and it has taken 40 years to realise this.

“這很瘋狂，但人們耗費(fèi)了40年時(shí)間才意識(shí)到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。”

‘The trouble with the trendy methods is that the children are left to their own devices, includingchatting to their friends, while the teacher is elsewhere. It is a very inefficient use of time andresources.’

“這種時(shí)尚教學(xué)理論的弊端是放任學(xué)生們根據(jù)自己的方式進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，包括跟朋友們聊天，而老師則在別處，既浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間又浪費(fèi)了資源。”

Mr Gibb’s comments have been backed by recent research, which concluded that the success ofpupils in the Far East is largely down to teaching methods.

吉布發(fā)表這番言論基于近來(lái)的研究成果。一些研究得出結(jié)論，遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)學(xué)生成功的原因絕大部分取決于他們的教學(xué)方式。

Maths tests taken by 562 nine and ten-year-olds in classrooms in Southampton and Nanjing inChina found that the Chinese pupils scored between 20 and 30 per cent higher than the Englishyoungsters.

562名9歲和10歲的學(xué)生分別在南安普敦和南京教室里進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試，結(jié)果顯示，中國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)比他們的英國(guó)小伙伴高出了20%-30%。

Researchers also used video to analyse what was going on in lessons and found that in theChinese classrooms – where pupils sit in rows of desks facing the front – ‘whole classinteraction’ was being used 72 per cent of the time, compared with only 24 per cent inEngland.

研究者們也利用視頻對(duì)課堂行為進(jìn)行了分析，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在中國(guó)教室里學(xué)生們一排排坐著面向講臺(tái),“全班互動(dòng)”時(shí)間占72%，而在英國(guó)，這樣的時(shí)間只占24%。

By contrast, the classes in England, where pupils are often grouped in clusters of desks, spentnearly half – 47 per cent – of their time in ‘individual or group work’, compared with 28 per centin China.

相反的，在英國(guó)，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常被分為小組，他們花費(fèi)了近一半的時(shí)間(約47%)在“個(gè)人或小組活動(dòng)”上，而在中國(guó)，這樣的時(shí)間約為28%。

The research, by Zhenzhen Miao and Professor David Reynolds of the University ofSouthampton, concluded: ‘Effective teachers spent longer time on interacting with the wholeclass rather than with individuals/groups or leaving pupils to independent seatwork.’

進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究的南安普敦大學(xué)的繆珍珍和大衛(wèi)·雷諾茲教授得出結(jié)論：“比起個(gè)人或小組學(xué)習(xí)、或讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)，教師花更多的時(shí)間與全班進(jìn)行互動(dòng)，更有效率。”

Prof Reynolds said he was disappointed that more schools were not increasing their use of the‘whole class’ approach as it would improve results in most subjects.

雷諾茲教授說(shuō)，目前他對(duì)更多的學(xué)校沒(méi)有跟進(jìn)“全班教學(xué)”的方法感到失望，因?yàn)檫@種教學(xué)方法對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)科非常有效。