漫游奇境的愛麗絲150歲了
查爾斯·L·道奇森(Charles L. Dodgson)希望人們記住自己在牛津擔(dān)任教授期間的數(shù)學(xué)創(chuàng)新，而不是自己豐富多彩的個(gè)人生活，以及1865年出版的《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》(Alice’sAdventures in Wonderland)。然而，盡管他努力藏身在筆名劉易斯·卡羅爾(Lewis Carroll)之后，“愛麗絲”還是讓他出了名。
For the 150th birthday of Alice, authors and curators are mining Dodgson’s correspondenceand diaries and editions of her story, which has been published in 174 languages. (An eventsand publications database is at lewiscarrollresources.net.)
今年是愛麗絲一書出版150周年紀(jì)念日，這本書如今已被翻譯為174種語言出版(關(guān)于這本書的大事記和出版資料收錄于lewiscarrollresources.net)，各種作者與策展人深入研究道奇森的信件和日記，以及愛麗絲故事的各種版本。
Edward Wakeling, a Dodgson biographer, drew on his own collection of 23,353 documentsfor his forthcoming book “Lewis Carroll: The Man and His Circle” (I. B. Tauris). Dodgson tookabout 3,000 photos in his spare time, and a third of them will appear in a second forthcomingbook from Mr. Wakeling, “The Photographs of Lewis Carroll: A Catalogue Raisonné” (Universityof Texas Press), due this summer.
愛德華·韋克林(Edward Wakeling)是道奇森的傳記作家，他在搜集了23353份文件后，寫出了即將出版的《劉易斯·卡羅爾：他和他的朋友圈》(Lewis Carroll: The Man and His Circle, I.B. Tauris)一書。道奇森在空閑時(shí)間里拍了大約3000張照片，其中1/3將會出現(xiàn)在韋克林的下一本書《劉易斯·卡羅爾照片選》(ThePhotographs of Lewis Carroll: A Catalogue Raisonné, University of Texas Press )中，該書將于今年夏天出版。
Mr. Wakeling intends to debunk the enduring suggestion that Dodgson, who died in 1898 at65, disliked the company of adults and had an unhealthy interest in little girls. The biographydescribes lively, diverse friends including actresses, poets, dentists, judges and British royals.
道奇森于1898年逝世，享年65歲，韋克林這本書意在駁斥人們長久以來的想法：他生前并不喜歡與成年人為伍，而是對小女孩們有著病態(tài)的興趣。這本傳記栩栩如生描寫了道奇森的各種朋友，包括女演員、詩人、牙醫(yī)、法官和英國貴族。
Dodgson largely avoided journalists, however, which did not help his reputation.
不過道奇森總是躲著記者，這對他樹立名聲沒什么好處。
“His rigorous attempts to protect his privacy and to shun all forms of publicity madesuccessive generations suspect he had something to hide — some dark secret,” Mr. Wakelingwrites in the new biography.
“他很注意保護(hù)自己的隱私，躲避任何形式的曝光，這令一代又一代人覺得他肯定有想隱瞞的東西——比如什么見不得人的秘密，”韋克林在這本新傳記里寫道。
Mr. Wakeling has steadily acquired archival material. In October, at Cheffins auction house inCambridge, England, he paid about $5,100 for Dodgson’s three photos of Constance MaryPowell, a Yorkshire schoolgirl whose family was friends with the Dodgsons.
韋克林一直都在收集檔案材料，10月，他在英格蘭劍橋的柴芬斯拍賣會上花了5100美元買下道奇森為約克郡女學(xué)生康斯坦斯·瑪麗·鮑威爾(Constance Mary Powell)拍下的三幅照片，她家與道奇森家是朋友。
Mr. Wakeling also tracks forgeries that have turned up. In 2006, a volume that Dodgson wassaid to have signed in 1876 was posted on eBay, and Mr. Wakeling declared it a fake. (It waswithdrawn.) “The clincher for me was that the person it was inscribed to, Lewis Carroll hadn’teven met yet,” he said.
韋克林也揭露贗品的蹤跡。2006年，eBay上有一卷據(jù)說是道奇森于1876年親筆簽名的書，韋克林說它是假的，后來它也被下架了。“我的證據(jù)是，劉易斯·卡羅爾當(dāng)時(shí)還沒有遇到那本書的題字里提及的人。”
On Feb. 10, memorabilia including Dodgson’s math publications and recently restored paperfilmstrips, starring Alice from the 1930s, will appear in “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” anexhibition at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas, Austin. In June, the BritishLibrary will ship Dodgson’s illustrated manuscript to New York for the first time in threedecades for a show at the Morgan Library & Museum, “Alice: 150 Years of Wonderland.”And this summer, Oak Knoll Press will publish “Alice in a World of Wonderlands,” a three-volumestudy of the 7,600 editions of Dodgson’s tale.
2月10日，奧斯汀得克薩斯大學(xué)哈利·蘭塞姆中心將舉辦“愛麗絲漫游奇境記”展覽，屆時(shí)將展出道奇森的作品，包括他發(fā)表的數(shù)學(xué)著作，以及新近修復(fù)的膠片，包括從20世紀(jì)30年代起拍攝的愛麗絲形象。6月，大英圖書館將把道奇森的繪畫手稿運(yùn)至紐約，這是30年來的頭一遭，這批手稿將在摩根圖書館與博物館的“愛麗絲：漫游奇境150年”展覽中展出。今年夏天，奧克斯·克諾爾出版社將出版三卷本的《愛麗絲漫游各種奇境》(Alice in aWorld of Wonderlands)，書中研究了這個(gè)故事的7600種不同版本。
The Grolier Club in New York will show various translations in the fall, borrowing from thevolumes’ general editor, Jon A. Lindseth. Mr. Lindseth’s gifts to Columbia will be shown in a fallexhibition about Alice at the university’s Rare Book & Manuscript Library. And other majorprivate collections are going on view, including loans from August and Clare Imholtz at HornbakeLibrary at the University of Maryland; Byron and Victoria Sewell at the Huntington Museum ofArt in West Virginia (with a catalog from Evertype); and Charlie Lovett at the New York PublicLibrary for the Performing Arts at Lincoln Center.
紐約的格羅里埃俱樂部將在今年秋天展出這本書的各種不同譯本，它們由這些書的總編輯喬恩·A·林德賽斯(JonA. Lindseth)出借。林德賽斯贈給哥倫比亞大學(xué)的禮物將于今年秋天，在該校的珍本與手稿圖書館舉辦的愛麗絲展中展出。此外還有其他若干大型個(gè)人收藏也會對外展出，其中有馬里蘭大學(xué)霍恩貝克圖書館的奧古斯特與克萊爾·伊姆霍爾茲(August and Clare Imholtz)藏品展，西弗吉尼亞亨廷頓藝術(shù)館的拜倫與維多利亞·塞維爾(Byron and Victoria Sewell)藏品展(包括一份來自艾弗泰普出版社的目錄)，以及查理·拉維特(CharlieLovett)在紐約公共圖書館為林肯表演藝術(shù)中心舉辦的活動。
Alice connoisseurs enjoy tracing her to the ends of the earth. Mr. Lindseth said in an interviewthat Mongolian, Kazakh, Tajik and Montenegrin versions were among the most challenging tofind. Mr. Imholtz said, “Today came in the mail an Esperanto translation of ‘Through the LookingGlass,’ printed in Ekaterinburg where the Czar was killed.”
愛麗絲的研究者們追溯她的蹤跡，直到天涯海角。林德賽斯在采訪中說，蒙古語、哈薩克語、塔吉克語和黑山語的譯本是最難尋覓的。伊姆霍爾茲說，“今天我收到一份世界語譯本的《愛麗絲漫游鏡中世界》(Throughthe Looking Glass)，它是在葉卡特琳堡印刷的，沙皇就是在那里遇刺。”
DRAWN, ELABORATELY
精美的繪畫
For 19th-century German-American communities, painted pages known as fraktur marked ritesof passage. In jagged calligraphy — hence the name, which derives from the Latin word forbroken — certificates celebrating births and marriages were wreathed in flowers and angels.Many of these fraktur are appearing in the next few weeks at auctions, antiques fairs andmuseum shows.
19世紀(jì)，德裔美國社區(qū)開始使用德文尖角字體(fraktur)裝點(diǎn)各種成人儀式的頁面。這種字體源自于拉丁文字母，以充滿尖角著稱，用于裝點(diǎn)出生證和結(jié)婚證，周圍還裝飾著鮮花和天使。接下來幾周，德文尖角字體會出現(xiàn)在很多拍賣會、古玩會和博物館展覽上。
Lisa Minardi, a curator at Winterthur museum in Delaware, has worked on the exhibitions,poring through thousands of fraktur and noting the evidence that artists trying to make aliving produced them in haste. The artists charged pennies per sheet, Ms. Minardi said, andwhen they marred a page with an ink splotch or misspelling, “Sometimes they make it into alittle flower and keep going.”
特拉華州的溫特瑟爾博物館策展人麗莎·米納迪(Lisa Minardi)已經(jīng)籌辦過若干展覽，研究過幾千份德文尖角字體印刷品，她注意到，德文尖角字體的藝術(shù)家們?yōu)榱酥\生，經(jīng)常粗制濫造。她說，作者每制作一份作品，只收取幾分錢的費(fèi)用，如果他們在紙上濺上了墨水漬或拼錯了單詞，“有時(shí)候他們就畫一朵小花遮住，糊弄過去。”
Fraktur shows will open in February and March at Winterthur, the Philadelphia Museum of Artand the Free Library of Philadelphia. Ms. Minardi’s catalog for the Philadelphia Museum show, “Drawn With Spirit: Pennsylvania German Fraktur from the Joan and Victor Johnson Collection” (Yale University Press), points out recurring motifs from practitioners who did not sign worksand have not yet been identified. They are known for now with monikers like the ExoticScenery Artist, the Color Block Artist and the Ruffled Tulip Artist.
溫特瑟爾博物館、費(fèi)城藝術(shù)館和費(fèi)城自由圖書館都將在二月和三月舉辦德文尖角字體展。米納迪為費(fèi)城藝術(shù)館展覽撰寫的目錄名為：“以靈魂繪制：賓夕法尼亞德國尖角字體，來自瓊與維克多·約翰遜(Joan and VictorJohnson)的收藏”(耶魯大學(xué)出版社)，她在目錄中指出，某些一再重復(fù)的主題來自若干從不署名，且至今未能識別的作者們。如今人們用代號稱呼他們，諸如“異國風(fēng)情藝術(shù)家”、“色塊藝術(shù)家”和“褶邊郁金香藝術(shù)家”。
The Johnsons kept collecting even as the show and catalog were underway. Last January, theypaid about $3,800 for an 1820s fraktur painted with birds and bouquets at a Pook & Pookauction in Downingtown, Pa. The painter, Friederich Speyer, a Lutheran schoolmaster, wrote inuneven letters. Charming flaws can be detected throughout the Johnson collection: hearts andflower petals have asymmetrical lobes, and text lines slant.
直到展覽和目錄籌備期間，約翰遜夫婦還在繼續(xù)擴(kuò)充自己的收藏。去年1月，他們在賓夕法尼亞州唐寧鎮(zhèn)的Pook & Pook拍賣會上花了3800美元，購買了一份19世紀(jì)20年代的德國尖角字體作品，上面繪有鳥兒和花束。作者弗里德里希·斯皮耶(Friederich Speyer)是一位路德會校長，使用參差不齊的字母書寫。在約翰遜夫婦的藏品中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)種種迷人的瑕疵：心形與花瓣有著不對稱的葉片，一行行文字微微歪斜。
Cara Zimmerman, an Americana specialist at Christie’s in New York, stood before a fraktur birthcertificate, for sale on Jan. 23 at the auction house (estimated at $200 to $400), with amisshapen rectangle of text and mismatched stars along the border. “It’s that freehandnature that’s so fabulous,” she said.
卡拉·齊默曼(Cara Zimmerman)是紐約佳士得的一位美國專家，1月23日，她將主持該拍賣行對一份德國尖角字體出生證的拍賣(估價(jià)200到400美元)，文字呈歪曲的矩形，邊框上有不協(xié)調(diào)的星星圖案。“這就是這種藝術(shù)品著名的手繪特征，”她說。
The Christie’s lot had previously belonged to the folk art dealer Edith Gregor Halpert, as did anumber of the Johnson pieces. Among the other celebrated past owners of the Johnsonacquisitions are Albert Barnes, du Ponts and Rockefellers.
佳士得的拍品原本屬于民間藝術(shù)交易商伊迪絲·格萊格爾·哈爾珀特(Edith Gregor Halpert)，約翰遜的若干藏品也來自她那里。約翰遜的藏品中還包括來自阿爾伯特·巴恩斯(Albert Barnes)、都彭(du Ponts)和洛克菲勒等著名藏家的藏品。
Ms. Minardi will be lecturing about fraktur on Jan. 24 at the Winter Antiques Show in Manhattan.At the show, Olde Hope Antiques from New Hope, Pa., will offer fraktur painted with parrots andflowers (from $22,000 to $28,000 each) and a trio with tulips ($24,000 for the set). At theMetro Curates show, opening Jan. 22 in Manhattan, the dealer Jeff R. Bridgman from Dillsburg,Pa., is bringing fraktur with flowers, birds, hearts, suns and crowns, made for two sisters($10,500 for both fraktur). Leatherwood Antiques from Sandwich, Mass., has floral certificates($5,800 for a pair) that belonged to Edith Gregor Halpert and then Andy Warhol.
1月24日，米納迪將在曼哈頓的冬季古玩展上就德國尖角字體做一次講座。在這個(gè)展覽上，賓夕法尼亞州新霍普的老霍普古玩館將提供繪制著鸚鵡與花朵的德國尖角字體藝術(shù)品(每份22000美元到28000美元不等)，以及一份繪有郁金香的三件套作品(一套24000美元)。在1月22日于曼哈頓開幕的Metro Curates展上，賓夕法尼亞州迪爾斯堡的藝術(shù)商杰夫·R·布里奇曼(Jeff R.Bridgman )將帶來裝飾著花朵、鳥兒、心形、太陽和王冠的德國尖角字體藝術(shù)品，由兩姊妹制作(兩份10500美元)。馬薩諸塞州桑德維奇的萊塞伍德古玩館有花朵裝飾的德國尖角字體證書(5800美元兩份)。它們最初屬于伊迪絲·格萊格爾·哈爾珀特，后來又屬于安迪·沃霍爾(Andy Warhol)。
From March 5 to 7, a fraktur symposium at the McNeil Center for Early American Studies at theUniversity of Pennsylvania will cover topics including paint formulas, botanical motifs and earlycollectors who purchased works from descendants of the original patrons.
從3月5日至7日，賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的早期美國研究學(xué)會將在麥克尼爾中心舉辦德國尖角字體研討會，探討繪圖公式、植物主題、以及那些原始擁有者的后代們手中買下這些藝術(shù)品的早期收藏家。
