瀟灑做演講——組織論點(diǎn) Organizing Your Points

組織論點(diǎn)　Organizing Your Points

一個(gè)良好的觀點(diǎn)論述組織方法（in an organized fashion）可以分為三步：提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，清楚表達(dá)；用證據(jù)或?qū)嵗齺?lái)支持論點(diǎn)；重申你的論點(diǎn)，并過(guò)渡到下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。

提出論點(diǎn)

開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，可以借助幻燈片，讓聽(tīng)眾有明確的認(rèn)識(shí)。

☉The next point I’d like to make is……

下一個(gè)我要說(shuō)的是……

☉As you can see from this graph……

如圖所示……

☉Not only are……important, but also that we must consider……

不僅在……重要，而且我們必須也考慮到……

☉So, just to reiterate, we should remember……

那再重申一下，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記……

☉This point is clearly illustrated by……

通過(guò)……這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)將顯而易見(jiàn)……

觀點(diǎn)介紹

在對(duì)論點(diǎn)展開(kāi)具體闡述之前，你需要在25個(gè)字之內(nèi)（25 words or less）進(jìn)行總體概述，使聽(tīng)眾了解下面要說(shuō)哪些具體內(nèi)容。使用一些具有路標(biāo)性質(zhì)的語(yǔ)句，提示聽(tīng)眾已經(jīng)到了哪一“站”。

☉My next point is……

我的下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)是……

☉Point 2 in my presentation is……

我講解內(nèi)容的第二點(diǎn)是……

☉Another thing we have to talk about is……

還有一個(gè)我必須要說(shuō)的是……

☉Next to discuss today is……

下一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是……

列證據(jù)，舉實(shí)例

列出用于證明你觀點(diǎn)的所有證據(jù)、實(shí)例、故事和類比的清單，可以講故事、列統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表、打比方、講笑話等。這樣不僅可以活躍氣氛，而且讓論點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力。例證和實(shí)例都必須簡(jiǎn)潔并有說(shuō)服力（quick and convincing）。

☉Let me give you some examples.

我來(lái)舉一些例子。

☉Here are some statistics you might find helpful.

這里有些統(tǒng)計(jì)表可能對(duì)你們（理解）有幫助。

綜述

重申論點(diǎn)，這樣聽(tīng)眾會(huì)更信服你的結(jié)論。用路標(biāo)性（signpost）的語(yǔ)言做總結(jié)，告訴聽(tīng)眾論點(diǎn)的論述已結(jié)束。

☉To summarize this point……

對(duì)這點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)……

☉（At the very end of your talk）In conclusion……

（在講話末了）總而言之……

☉And so……

那么因此……

下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)的過(guò)渡

用過(guò)渡型的語(yǔ)言來(lái)將聽(tīng)眾的注意力引到下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。

☉That leads me to the next point.

這引申出了我的下一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。

☉Now, let’s move on……

現(xiàn)在，讓我們轉(zhuǎn)到……

總結(jié)

論點(diǎn)的組織過(guò)程與議論文的寫(xiě)作有著異曲同工之妙，都包括“點(diǎn)題、論述、總結(jié)、過(guò)渡”；都需要論據(jù)（實(shí)例、數(shù)據(jù)、統(tǒng)計(jì)表等）來(lái)充實(shí)觀點(diǎn)。無(wú)論是讀者還是聽(tīng)眾，必須準(zhǔn)確引領(lǐng)他們的思路，讓他們到達(dá)你的指定地方并信服你的觀點(diǎn)。

Words　單詞表

advanced高級(jí)的；現(xiàn)代的

advertising廣告

auditing審計(jì)

budget預(yù)算

clearly顯然，明顯

communication通信，溝通

demographic人口統(tǒng)計(jì)的，人口的

expenditure支出，開(kāi)支

market research市場(chǎng)調(diào)研

modernize現(xiàn)代化

polling查詢；調(diào)查

product產(chǎn)品

schedule時(shí)間表

statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)

summarize綜述，概述

test group實(shí)驗(yàn)組

update更新

Phrases　短語(yǔ)表

……and the like等等，諸如此類

a large percentage占有較大比例

as you can see（from……）從……你可以看到

dominate（a market）主導(dǎo)（市場(chǎng)）

give an example舉個(gè)例子

illustrate（a point）證明（某論點(diǎn)）

Internet user互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶

invest in投資，投資于

it's easy to see why原因顯而易見(jiàn)

make a point證明一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，闡述論點(diǎn)

marketing strategy營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略

potential customers潛在客戶

product development產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)

reach（a customer）發(fā)展（一個(gè)客戶）

spend more time and money（doing sth）（在做某事上）花更多的時(shí)間和錢

take（sth）into consideration把……考慮其中

yet only只有才

target audience目標(biāo)受眾，目標(biāo)對(duì)象

well-received by廣為（某人）接受

when it comes to……當(dāng)涉及……

實(shí)景對(duì)話1

A：The next point I'd like to make is the importance of modernizing our communication. This point is clearly illustrated by taking into consideration the potential customers we could reach if we update our marketing strategies.As you can see from this graph, a large percentage of our demographic are Internet users.Yet only 2%of our marketing budget goes to Internet advertising.Here are some more statistics you might find helpful.Our competition spends 45%of their marketing budget on Internet and other high technology advertising.They have been able to dominate the market and it's easy to see why！To summarize thispoint, we need to think in more advanced ways when it comes to our communication and advertising.

B：I agree！

A：Thank you. Now, not only is changing the way we communicate with our customers important, but we must also consider the strength of our products. My next point is that we need to spend more time and money in developing products that will be better received by our target audience.Let me give you some examples.If we hope to reach a younger market, we should spend time understanding what kind of products teenagers are interested in.We can invest in polling and market research, test groups and the like.

C：But that costs money……

A：Very true. But that leads me to my next point.To make money, first we have to invest money……

A：我要講的下一點(diǎn)是通信現(xiàn)代化的重要性。如果我們更新我們的營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略，我們就會(huì)發(fā)展到潛在客戶，考慮到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)也就不言自明。如圖所示，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶占我們?nèi)丝诳倲?shù)的比重很大，但我們對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告的預(yù)算只有2%。這里還有一些統(tǒng)計(jì)表會(huì)有助于你們理解這一點(diǎn)，我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手將45%的營(yíng)銷預(yù)算花在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和別的高科技的廣告中。他們能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)的原因也就顯而易見(jiàn)了。最后我總結(jié)這一點(diǎn)，我認(rèn)為在我們的通信和廣告上，我們需要更先進(jìn)的媒介方式。

B：我同意！

A：謝謝?，F(xiàn)在重要的是不僅要改變我們和客戶間的溝通方式，也要考慮我們產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)勢(shì)。我的下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)是我們需要投入更多的時(shí)間和資金研發(fā)更為目標(biāo)消費(fèi)群所接受的產(chǎn)品。讓我舉一些例子。如果我們希望獲得年輕人的市場(chǎng)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)花時(shí)間理解什么樣的產(chǎn)品才是青少年感興趣的。我們可以投資調(diào)查和市場(chǎng)研究、測(cè)試人群等。

C：但是那是要花錢的……

A：沒(méi)錯(cuò)。這正好引出了我的下一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。要掙錢，首先我們必須投資……

實(shí)景對(duì)話2

A：So, just to reiterate, we should remember the importance of planning.

My next point is addressing how to schedule the auditing process. Here is the auditing schedule；you can see we will plan to evaluate the financial records one department at a time.I hope that all the department heads can pay attention to your department's scheduled date, and make all the financial data available to us at this time.Next to discuss today is what kind of data we will require……

B：Uh, I have a question.

A：Yes?

B：I see from your calendar that the Production Department is last on the list.

Because we make most of the expenditures, shouldn't we be first?

A：It really doesn't matter which department is audited first, because we evaluate each department separately. Now, as I said, my next point is what information will be required by our auditing team.You must prepare financial accounting for all expenditures your department has made.If you have any specific questions about this issue, please contact any of the auditing team or myself.Now, let's move on.Another thing we have to talk about is when the management will approve the budgets for next year……

A：那再重申一下，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記計(jì)劃的重要性。我要講的下一點(diǎn)是如何安排審計(jì)過(guò)程時(shí)間。這里有一份審計(jì)時(shí)間表，你們可以看到我們計(jì)劃一次只審評(píng)一個(gè)部門的財(cái)務(wù)記錄。我希望每個(gè)部門的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都能注意到安排給你的部門的時(shí)間，并且確保在這個(gè)時(shí)間給我們財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)。下一個(gè)要討論的是我們所需要的數(shù)據(jù)的類型……

B：嗯，我有個(gè)問(wèn)題。

A：什么問(wèn)題？

B：我看到日程中生產(chǎn)部門是最后一個(gè)。因?yàn)槲覀兓ㄙM(fèi)最多，我們應(yīng)該是第一個(gè)吧？

A：哪個(gè)部門先接受審計(jì)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。因?yàn)槲覀兎謩e評(píng)審每個(gè)部門?，F(xiàn)在，就我剛才所說(shuō)的，我的下一個(gè)論點(diǎn)是我們審計(jì)小組要什么信息。你們需要準(zhǔn)備部門所有花銷的財(cái)務(wù)核算。關(guān)于該環(huán)節(jié)的任何問(wèn)題，你們可以和審計(jì)小組的任何成員或我本人聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在，我們繼續(xù)。另外一個(gè)我們需要談的是管理層對(duì)明年預(yù)算的審批時(shí)間……