50　動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)　Track48

（1）動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式
1）構(gòu)成：being done
2）意義與用法：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞所修飾的名詞或代詞在意義上是充當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，或者說(shuō)是作動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)形式。
a. He narrowly escaped being run over . 他差一點(diǎn)就被車軋著了。
b.I have not the least objection to the child being punished .
對(duì)這孩子進(jìn)行懲罰我絲毫不反對(duì)。
c. I still remember being taken to the zoo for the first time.
我還記得第一次被帶到動(dòng)物園的情景。
請(qǐng)比較：I remember my parents' taking me to the zoo.
d.Mark often attempts to escape_________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined
B. to be fined
C. to have been fined
D. being fined
正確答案：D。
此外，也要注意前面說(shuō)過(guò)的，在demand, deserve, need, require, want等動(dòng)詞后面，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思，而不需要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。若改接動(dòng)詞不定式，則必須用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
（2）動(dòng)名詞的完成式
1）構(gòu)成：having done
2）意義與用法：用動(dòng)名詞完成式表明動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。
a.He denied having been there.
b.I repented having shot the bird.
c.He regretted not having gone to university.
他很后悔當(dāng)初沒(méi)有上大學(xué)。
d.I have always regretted_________harder at school.
A. to have not studied
B. not study
C. not having studied
D. not to study
正確答案：C。
e.The man in the corner confessed to_________a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told
B. be told
C. being told
D. having told
正確答案：D。
（3）動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式
1）構(gòu)成：having been done
2）意義與用法：兼具完成式和被動(dòng)式的雙重特點(diǎn)。
a.I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
b.He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.
他為自己在棋弈上從未被擊敗而自豪。
c.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as_________in a short period of time.
A. being created
B. to have been created
C. having been created
D. to be created
正確答案：C。