49　動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)　Track47

 

同不定式類似，動(dòng)名詞也是動(dòng)詞的一種變化形式，既然是動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)該有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，即主語(yǔ)。而句子主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者并不總是統(tǒng)一的（有時(shí)是一樣的，有時(shí)不一樣），所以我們把動(dòng)名詞的主語(yǔ)稱為邏輯主語(yǔ)，以區(qū)別于句子主語(yǔ)。
（1）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：my doing/Tom's doing
物主代詞（如his，my，your等）或所有格名詞（如Mary's，Tom's等）與動(dòng)名詞連用，即構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（如his doing，Mary's doing），用來(lái)引出動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)并不是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，我們就需要給出動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)比較：

 
（2）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
這種結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看例句：
1）用作主語(yǔ)
Tom's coming home at last was a great consolation.
2）用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)
a.Do you mind my making a suggestion?
b.Would you mind Tom's telling us the whole story?
3）用作介詞賓語(yǔ)
a.Our discussion of earthquakes would be incomplete if we didn't raise the possibility of their being caused by external forces.
要是我們沒(méi)有考慮到外部力量造成地震的可能性，那么我們對(duì)于地震的研究還有欠缺。
b.Clint insisted on my reading the letter.
c.What are the chances of a sleepwalker's committing a murder or doing omething else extraordinary in his sleep?
夢(mèng)游者在睡夢(mèng)中實(shí)施謀殺或做出其他一些超?；顒?dòng)的可能性有多大呢？
d.When I was a child, I would take a flashlight to bed with me so that I could read comic books without my parents' knowing about it.
（3）普通格還是所有格？
在應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，什么時(shí)候用普通格什么時(shí)候用所有格，一般遵循下面的原則：
1）若動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語(yǔ)，最好用所有格形式。
a. Tom's refusing to accept the invitation upset me.
b. His refusing to accept the invitation upset me.（不宜用him refusing）
c.It was a great consolation his coming home at last.（不宜用him coming）
2）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用普通格或所有格均可。
a.Do you mind me making a suggestion?
b.I am annoyed about John forgetting to pay.
c.I remember_________to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A. once offering
B. him once offering
C. him to offer
D. to offer him
正確答案：B。
3）若動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的“物”而不是“人”，最好用普通格。
a.The noise of the desks being opened and closed can be heard out in the street.
b.There is a necessity for this type of houses being built .
c.In the event of the project not being a success , the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.
萬(wàn)一這個(gè)項(xiàng)目投資失敗，投資者將會(huì)損失三千萬(wàn)美元。
4）若動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定代詞（如someone，anyone，everyone等），最好用普通格。
He was awakened by someone knocking on the door.
5）若動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)由較長(zhǎng)的一組詞構(gòu)成，最好用普通格。
a.There is no point any one of us arguing with him.
b.I've always had in my mind a dream of my father , mother and I living together.
c.Do you remember John and his father coming to see us last Christmas?