第23章　狀　語(yǔ) 23.1　狀語(yǔ)表示法

23.1　狀語(yǔ)表示法

23.1.1　狀語(yǔ)表示法

狀語(yǔ)可以由以下成分表示：

1) 副詞：

He secretly decided to leave the town. 他私下決定離開(kāi)這座城市。

We'll raise the money somehow. 我們將以某種方式籌集這筆錢(qián)。

2) 介詞短語(yǔ)：

He traveled in the desert for six months. 他在沙漠里走了六個(gè)月。

We have friends all over the world. 我們的朋友遍天下。

3) 不定式（短語(yǔ)）：

I went there to see my grandmother. 我到那里去看我奶奶。

The suitcase is too heavy to be carried by a child. 箱子太重小孩拿不動(dòng)。

4) 分詞（短語(yǔ)）：

Being a poor teacher, he can't afford to buy a car. 他是一位窮教師，買(mǎi)不起汽車(chē)。

Compared to her affection, nothing else had any worth. 和她的感情相比，別的東西都沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值。

5) 形容詞：

He said nothing but sat silent smoking .他沒(méi)說(shuō)話，只靜坐在那里抽煙。

Fresh from the oven, rolls are delicious. 剛出爐的小面包很好吃。

6) 詞組：

I shall stay another five months. 我將再待五個(gè)月。

First thing in the morning we swept the courtyard for the landlord. 每天早上我們的第一件事就是給房東掃院子。

7) 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

It being a holiday, the library isn't open. 這天是假日，圖書(shū)館不開(kāi)門(mén)。

They will send you the book for$2.50, postage included. 他們將把書(shū)寄給你，書(shū)價(jià)2.50美元，郵資在內(nèi)。

8) 從句：

Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)關(guān)好門(mén)。

However often I try, I can't find the answer. 不管?chē)L試多少次，我都找不到答案。

間或可以用名詞作狀語(yǔ)：

We've been sitting hours waiting for you. 我們坐了好幾個(gè)鐘頭等你。

She's feeling miles better today. 她今天感到好多了。

23.1.2　不定式（短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)

1) 不定式?？勺鳡钫Z(yǔ)來(lái)表示目的（a）、結(jié)果（b）、程度（c）、原因（d）等：

a．We can send a car over to fetch you. 我們可以派車(chē)去接你。

She had suffered so much to bring up the children. 她受了很多苦來(lái)把孩子帶大。

The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. 考題都保密以防止作弊。

b．Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that? 誰(shuí)會(huì)這樣缺德做出這樣的事？

He hurried to the place only to find the house empty. 他趕到那里只發(fā)現(xiàn)房子里空無(wú)一人。

She left home, never to return again. 她離開(kāi)了家，再也沒(méi)有回來(lái)。

c．It was too late to do anything now. 現(xiàn)在做什么都已為時(shí)太晚。

You're far too clever to have done that. 你很聰明，不會(huì)做出這種事的。

We are fortunate enough to get an empty car. 我們很幸運(yùn)，找到了一輛空車(chē)。

d.I rejoice to see you here. 在這里見(jiàn)到你很高興。

She shuddered to think of it. 想到這事她不寒而栗。

What has happened to make you so sad ? 出了什么事讓你這樣傷心？

2) 在許多作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后可跟不定式（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)（多表示原因）：

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起給你添了這么多麻煩。

I'm surprised to hear you say that. 聽(tīng)到你這樣講我很吃驚。

Be careful not to break anything. 小心點(diǎn)別打破什么東西。

I was wrong to tell her about it. 我把這事告訴她是錯(cuò)誤的。

有很多形容詞后面可跟不定式，常見(jiàn)的有：

3) 不定式（短語(yǔ)）還可以用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，可稱(chēng)為句子狀語(yǔ)（Sentence Adverbials）：

To be frank, your English is not flawless. 坦率地說(shuō)，你的英語(yǔ)不是完美無(wú)暇的。

To be honest, I don't quite agree with you. 說(shuō)老實(shí)話，我不完全同意你的意見(jiàn)。

We must go cautiously, to be sure. 的確，我們得謹(jǐn)慎行事。

The dog is, so to speak, a member of the family. 狗可以說(shuō)是家庭的一個(gè)成員。

To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. 說(shuō)真的，我不愿這樣做。

To make a long story short, they began to study the problem in earnest. 長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，他們開(kāi)始認(rèn)真研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

You are wrong about the facts to begin with. 首先你把事實(shí)都弄錯(cuò)了。

To put it mildly, she's just a bit inquisitive. 說(shuō)得輕一點(diǎn)，她就是有點(diǎn)愛(ài)打聽(tīng)。

To be fair, he wasn't entirely to blame for that. 說(shuō)句公道話，這不能全怪他。

This is inconsistency, to say the least. 說(shuō)得再輕些，這也是前后矛盾。

關(guān)于不定式作狀語(yǔ)的情況可參閱12.1.7節(jié)和13.5.9節(jié)。