由介詞構(gòu)成的成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有兩類:
1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞:
agree with 同意(某人意見)
agree to 同意(某種安排等)
answer for 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)
appear for 為…出庭
ask for 要求得到(見某人等)
bank on 依靠
bear with 容忍
break with 和…斷絕關(guān)系
burst into (tears) 突然(哭起來)
call for 來找(某人),要求,需要
come across 碰到
come by 得到
count on 指望
enter for 參與(比賽等)
fly into (a rage) 勃然(大怒)
get into 碰到(困難等)
get over 克服,(?。┯?
get about 干(活),履行(職責(zé)等)
go after 追求
go into 調(diào)查
hang on 取決于
head for 向…前進(jìn)
hit on 想起(某主意)
jump at 立即接受
keep at 繼續(xù)(干某事)
keep from 避免(做某事)
live on 靠…生活
look after 照顧,照看
look for 找尋
look into 調(diào)查
make after 追趕
pass for 冒充(某人)
press for 要求
run across (into) 碰到
run into 碰到(困難)
run through 用完
see about 負(fù)責(zé)處理
see through 看破
stand by 支持
stand for 主張
stand on (ceremony)客氣
stick to 堅(jiān)持
touch on 提到(某問題)
wait on 招待
2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞:
back on to 背后是
boil down to 歸結(jié)是
break out into 出(疹子)
brush up on 復(fù)習(xí)
come across with 講出來
come down on 斥責(zé)
come in for 受到(批評(píng))
come out against 表示反對(duì)
come out with 推出(產(chǎn)品等)
come up against 碰到
come up to 達(dá)到(水平)
come up with 提出(建議等)
cry out against 大聲疾呼地反對(duì)
do away with 廢除
face up to 面對(duì)
fall back on 轉(zhuǎn)而依靠
fall behind with 遲遲未交(房租)
feel up to 感到想(做某事)
get away with (犯罪)不受懲罰
get down to 開始認(rèn)真考慮
get on for 快到(某時(shí))
get on with 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行(某事)
give on to 面對(duì)(花園等)
go back on (說了話)不遵守
go in for 從事(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))
go off with 和…私奔
go through with 把…進(jìn)行到底
keep up with 跟上(發(fā)展)
live up to 達(dá)到(期望)
look down on 看不起
look forward to 盼望
look out for 當(dāng)心
look up to 敬重(某人)
make up for 彌補(bǔ)
make up to 拍…馬屁
put up with 忍受
run out of 用完
run up against 碰到
stand out against 堅(jiān)決反對(duì)
stand out for 堅(jiān)決要求
stand up to 面對(duì)(危險(xiǎn)等)
stick out for 堅(jiān)持要求
關(guān)于成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可參閱7.1.6和13.3.4節(jié)及附錄1。
1) 除了成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,英語(yǔ)中還有大量成語(yǔ)由介詞構(gòu)成,單是一些常用介詞就可構(gòu)成大量成語(yǔ):
at:
at a stretch 一連,連續(xù)地
at a time 一次,每次
at all costs 不惜一切代價(jià)
at all events 不管怎樣
at all hazards 不顧一切危險(xiǎn)
at any rate 不管怎樣
at ease 稍息,安心
at fault 有錯(cuò)誤
at first 最初,開始時(shí)
at first sight 一見(鐘情)
at hand 不遠(yuǎn),快到
at heart 在內(nèi)心
at home 在家,隨便
at large 逍遙法外,未被關(guān)注
at last 最后
at least 至少
at leisure 從容不迫地
at length 最后,詳細(xì)地
at liberty 自由,有權(quán)(做某事)
at the moment 此刻
at most 至多
at once 立即,同時(shí)
at one blow (stroke)一下子
at one's fingertips 非常熟悉
at one's service 聽候吩咐
at one's wit's end 計(jì)窮,沒有辦法
at peace (war) 處于和平(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))狀態(tài)
at play (work) 在玩耍(工作)
at present 現(xiàn)在,目前
at random 隨意地,胡亂地
at sea 茫然,不知所措
at the earliest (latest) 至早(遲)
at the outset 從一開頭
at the risk of 冒…的危險(xiǎn)
at the same time (與此)同時(shí)
at the start 一開頭
at the time 此刻,這時(shí)
at the top of one's voice 高聲地
at times 有時(shí)候
at will 任意地
by:
by accident 偶然
by air 航空
by all means 想一切辦法
by any chance 碰巧,恰好
by birth 出身…
by bus (plane, etc.) 坐巴士(飛機(jī)等)
by chance 偶然
by cheque 用支票
by credit card 用信用卡
by choice 出于自愿
by daylight 在大白天
by day (night) 白天(夜間)
by far 最最(修飾最高級(jí))
by dint of 通過(下功夫)
by force 靠武力
by fits and starts 干一干停一停
by leaps and bounds 飛躍地
by hook or by crook 想一切辦法
by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地,誤把…
by means of 借助
by post 郵(寄)
by no means 絕不,一點(diǎn)也不
by turns 輪流
by stages (degrees) 分階段地(一步步地)
by surprise 突然,出其不意
by virtue of 由于(某些優(yōu)越處)
by the way 順便說一句
in:
in a nutshell 概括地說,總之
in a row 一連
in a sense 從某種意義上說
in accordance with 按照,根據(jù)
in addition (to) 此外(除…之外)
in advance 事前
in all 總共
in any case (event) 不管怎樣,反正
in brief 簡(jiǎn)而言之
in case 要是,如果
in case of 在…情況下
in comparison 比較起來
in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中
in debt 負(fù)債
in demand 有需求
in depth 深入地
in detail 詳細(xì)地
in doubt (對(duì)…)有懷疑
in fact 實(shí)際上
in full 全部地,全文地
in general 一般說來
in ink (pencil) 用鋼筆(鉛筆)寫
in love 在戀愛
in no time 很快(就…)
in one's opinion 在(某人)看來
in order (disorder) 井井有條(很亂)
in order to (that) 以便,為了
in other words 換句話說
in part(s) 部分地
in person 親自
in practice 實(shí)際上
in public (private) 公開(私下)地
in regard to 關(guān)于
in return 回過來,作為報(bào)答
in short 總之
in so far as 就…來說
in spite of 盡管
in terms of 就…來說
in that 在…方面,因?yàn)?
in the course of 在…過程中
in the dark 蒙在鼓里,不知情
in the day time 在白天
in the end 最后
in the event of 如果發(fā)生(某事)
in (the) face of 在…面前
in the least 一點(diǎn)(也不)
in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來說
in the main 一般來說
in the mean time 與此同時(shí),在此期間
in the middle of 在…中間
in time 及時(shí)地,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間
in the nick of time 正好及時(shí)
in turn 輪流
in vain 白白地,沒有結(jié)果
in view of 考慮到…
on:
on account of 由于
on approval 允許退貨
on average 平均
on behalf of 代表(某人)
on board 在船(飛機(jī))上
on business 出差,辦事
on condition 在…條件下
on credit 賒購(gòu)
on the decline 在衰退中
on the decrease 在減少中
on demand 在要求支付時(shí)
on display 展出
on duty 值班
on fire 著火
on foot 步行
on guard 有警惕,值班
on hand 在身邊
on holiday 在休假
on no account 絕不
on one's chest 有心事
on one's mind 在想某事
on one's own 獨(dú)立地
on purpose 故意地
on sale 在出售
on strike 罷工,罷課
on the contrary 相反
on the mend 在痊愈(改善)中
on the (tele) phone 在接(打)電話
on the point of 正要(做某事)
on the run 東跑西顛,正在逃竄
on the spot 就地
on the spur of the moment 即興
on the way 在路上
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
on top of 在…上面
on trial 正在受審
out of:
out of action 失靈
out of breath 氣喘吁吁
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脫(離危)險(xiǎn)
out of date 過時(shí)
out of doors 在戶外
out of element 格格不入
out of fashion 不時(shí)新
out of favor 失寵
out of focus 對(duì)焦不準(zhǔn)
out of hand 失去控制
out of humor 情緒不佳
out of keeping (with) 和…不協(xié)調(diào)
out of luck 倒霉,運(yùn)氣不佳
out of one's mind 不想(某事)
out of order 壞了
out of pain 沒有疼痛
out of patience 失去耐心
out of place 格格不入,不合適
out of practice 荒疏
out of print 不再印行
out of reach 無法得到(拿到)
out of season 下市了
out of senses 頭腦不正常
out of service 退役,不再使用
out of shape 變形
out of sight 看不見
out of sorts 身子不舒服
out of step 不合拍
out of stock 售罄
out of sympathy 不同情
out of temper 發(fā)脾氣
out of the ordinary 不同尋常
out of the question 不可能
out of touch (with) 和…失去聯(lián)系
out of tune 走調(diào)
out of use 不再使用
out of work 失業(yè)
2) 有些介詞夾在名詞之間構(gòu)成成語(yǔ):
day after day 日復(fù)一日地
year after year 年復(fù)一年地
one after another 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地
one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè)
little by little 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地
side by side 并肩
step by step 一步步地
face to face 面對(duì)面
arm in arm 手挽手地
hand in hand 手牽手地
hand in glove 互相勾結(jié)
hand over fist 大量賺(賠)錢
head above water (生意)能維持
head over heels 倒栽蔥
day to day日常的
day by day 一天一天地
day before yesterday 前天
day after tomorrow 后天
heart in one's mouth 提心吊膽
heart-to-heart 互相交心的
3) 還有一些成語(yǔ)包含兩個(gè)介詞:
from beginning to end 從頭至尾
from bad to worse 越來越糟
from time to time 不時(shí)地
from head to foot 從頭到腳,渾身
from morning to night 從早到晚
from start to finish 從頭至尾
from door to door 挨門挨戶地
from top to bottom 整個(gè)地,徹底
from place to place 到各地
from hand to mouth 勉強(qiáng)糊口
from generation to generation 一代一代地
from cover to cover (書)全部地,從頭到尾
4) 此外,“be+形容詞+介?”也是一類成語(yǔ):
be found of 喜歡
be full of 充滿
be interested in 對(duì)…有興趣
be keen on 熱衷于
be confident in 對(duì)…有信心
be short of 缺乏
be sick of 厭惡
be proud of 對(duì)…感到驕傲
be loyal to 對(duì)…忠誠(chéng)
be ashamed of 為…感到羞恥
be worried about 為…擔(dān)心
be allergic to 對(duì)…過敏
be satisfied with 對(duì)…感到滿意
be aware of 意識(shí)到
be busy with 忙于(某事)
be different from 和…不同
be sympathetic with 對(duì)…同情
be capable of 能干某事
be famous for 因…而出名
be curious about 對(duì)…好奇
關(guān)于各介詞短語(yǔ)和成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法可參閱《現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)用法辭典》(外研社出版)。
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