Buzzwords
每年年末,各大詞典官方都會選出一個最具代表的熱詞:
Buzzwords: 流行詞,熱門詞
Buzz字面意思是“嗡嗡”的聲音,在英語中也可以用來形容熱門的,受到大家關(guān)注的事物。
另外也可以叫做:
Trending words: 熱門詞匯
Trending用來形容在社交媒體(social media)上非常熱門的事物。
Word of the year from different dictionaries
評選年度詞匯是兩本詞典的官方傳統(tǒng),其中一本是:
Oxford dictionary: 牛津詞典
牛津詞典在11月公布了今年的年度詞匯:
Toxic: 有毒的
這個詞已經(jīng)不局限于形容有毒的化學(xué)物品,還可以形容有害的,不友好的工作環(huán)境、人際關(guān)系等,例如被同事排擠、欺負(fù)(toxic working environment),貶低女性的大男子主義(toxic masculinity)。
According to Oxford's research, we'reusing “toxic” to describe everything from chemicals and gas to masculinity and relationships. We've embraced the word as a kind of blanket descriptor for anything deeply but often invisibly harmful.
另一本有評選傳統(tǒng)的詞典:
Collins dictionary: 柯林斯詞典
柯林斯詞典的2018年度詞匯是:
Single-use: 一次性的
和toxic類似,這個詞也早已存在,今年星巴克宣布全面停用塑料吸管事件后被廣泛運用在新聞報道中。
Single-use plastic straw: 一次性塑料吸管
劍橋詞典則是讓用戶們投票評選(not official, user-voted):
Cambridge dictionary: 劍橋詞典
今年的熱詞第一名是:
Nomophobia: /?no?.mo??fo?.bi.?/ fear of the idea of being without your mobile phone or unable to use it. 無手機恐慌癥
Last five years
牛津詞典近五年的年度詞匯:
Selfie (2013): 自拍
Vape (2014): 抽電子煙
The emoji (2015): face with tears of joy 笑哭的表情
Post-truth (2016): 后真相
相比于客觀事實,訴諸情感和信念更能影響輿論的情況。2016年英國脫歐公投,美國大選,各種各樣的假新聞都讓人們意識到了我們正處于一個后真相時代。
Youthquake(2017): 青年震蕩
指由年輕人的行為引起的重大文化、政治或社會變化。
柯林斯詞典近五年的年度詞匯:
Geek (2013): 極客
Photobomb (2014): 搶鏡頭
Binge-watch (2015): 刷劇
Brexit (2016): 英國脫歐,British exit的縮寫
Fake news (2017): 假新聞
Other 2018 buzzwords
2018年的其它年度熱詞:
Orbiting: the action of abruptly withdrawing from direct communication with someone while still monitoring, and sometimes responding to, their activity on social media.
原意是繞軌道運行, 流行詞意為潛水,突然中斷與某人的聯(lián)系,卻又在社交媒體上活動甚至回應(yīng)某人。
Techlash: a strong and widespread negative reaction to the growing power and influence of large technology companies,particularly those based in Silicon Valley.
-lash來自backlash強烈抵制。這個詞的意思是對大型科技公司日益增長的權(quán)力和影響力的抵制,尤其是硅谷的大公司。
Cakeism: primarily a word used in the UK, cakeism is the belief that it is possible to enjoy both of two desirable but mutually exclusive alternatives at the same time.
有一句英文諺語“You can't have your cake and eat it too”,表示你不能同時擁有蛋糕又吃到蛋糕。而cakeism則被用來形容英國脫歐派既想保留歐盟成員國的福利又不承擔(dān)任何脫歐后果的理想主義。
Gammon: a person, typically male,middle-aged, and white, with reactionary views, especially one who supports Brexit.
愿意是腌豬后腿,流行詞意指那些支持脫歐的保守派中年白人男子,包含強烈的貶義。
Theyby: a baby who has been brought up in a gender-neutral way and not outwardly identified by its parents as either a boy or a girl.
越來越多的父母用沒有性別指定的代詞稱呼自己的孩子,于是將性別不明的they和baby結(jié)合,成為theyby。