旅游英語景點介紹：曲阜孔廟

　　【簡介】曲阜孔廟，是祭祀中國春秋時期的著名思想家和教育家孔子的本廟，位于孔子故里、山東曲阜城內(nèi)，又稱“闕里至圣廟”，始建于魯哀公十七年(公元前478年)，歷代增修擴(kuò)建，經(jīng)兩千四百余年而祭祀不絕，是中國淵源最古、歷史最長的一組建筑物，也是海內(nèi)外數(shù)千座孔廟的先河與范本，和相鄰的孔府、城北的孔林合稱“三孔”。曲阜孔廟以其規(guī)模之宏大、氣魄之雄偉、年代之久遠(yuǎn)、保存之完整，被建筑學(xué)家梁思成稱為世界建筑史上的“孤例”，現(xiàn)為世界文化遺產(chǎn)、中華人民共和國全國重點文物保護(hù)單位，與北京故宮、承德避暑山莊并列為中國三大古建筑群。

respect fellow guests:

hello! i travel, the reception department's request, visits the tour to presence famous city qufu fellow welcome guests to express warmly welcome. i fortunately accompany the visit for everybody tourguide, is extremely happy, this is we enjoys the study together the good opportunity. after looked please leave behind the valued suggestion.

first, briefly introduces qufu to everybody the history, the cultural relic survey.

historical city qufu was our country ancient times the great thinker, the educationalist, the statesman, the literature entire manages family affairs, sage of kong zi's the world hometown, mencius's native place, chinese nation's first ancestor shaft yellow emperor's birth place, the capital, discussed the yin native country, the lu country capital. three emperors five emperors have four to live the practical training in here, some more than 5,000 years history. underground has the rich buried treasure, on has the multitudinous cultural relic. existing cultural relic 112, including the united nations to protect the unit, world culture inheritance 3, national protection 4, provincial level 12, other for place city level protection.

heavy center seriously has "a three two temples mausoleum", "a three mountains two forests temple". the confucian temple, confucian residence, konglin, the popular name "three", have the sacrificial offering china yuan saint duke of zhou's temple, has sacrificial offering kong zi first big disciple duplicate saint yan hui the temple, the popular name "two temples"; "a mausoleum" is yellow emperor is born - - the long-lived earthen mound few mausoleums; "three mountains"; the kong zi place of birth nepal mountain, chinese grave group jiulongshan, small taishan - - nine (call nine mountains). two forests are: the world educates the child best mother forest, the kong zi parents buries liang gonglin; "a temple" is li bai, du fu writes poetry, responds, bidding good-bye place, famous writer hole still no matter what national botanical garden "shimen temple".we now look at the confucian temple.

confucian temple, also called to the confucian temple, is sacrificial offering kong zi and its madame qi guanshi and 72 talented people's place. the confucian temple with beijing's imperial palace, the hebei chende city summer vacation mountain village and calls chinese three big ancient architectural complexes. the expert delivered four speeches to the confucian temple: the construction time most remote, greatest, the preservation most complete, the eastern construction characteristic is most prominent. is worthy of looking at two questions from the confucian temple: one is kong zi to chinese and even the eastern culture tremendous contribution; two is china has the skilled craftsman in the history.

the confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 b.c., the second year which kong zi died constructs the temple. constructs temple three in the kong zi former dwelling, exhibits kong zi's clothes, the vehicle, the book and so on, "when year old offers sacrifices". all previous dynasties emperor all has the extension to the confucian temple, counts overhaul 15, center repairs 31 times, the minor repair several hundred time achieves present the scale. the confucian temple imitates system of the imperial palace construction, divides three groups layouts, nine courtyards, have altogether had house 466, gate pavilion 54, the thing relatively pass through in an axle wire, has nearly thousand, 327.5 chinese acres, long amounts to two chinese miles 150 meters. now saw the confucian temple is the bright hongzhi year scale. after the liberation the country allocates funds to service the protection many times. our country first batch announcement nation key cultural relic preservation organ, in december, 1994 included the world culture inheritance, becomes cultural relic unit which the united nations protected, confucian temple construction time remote, scale great, integrity of the preserved really was the world to be rare.shinto. "wan rengong wall" front copal vigorous this duan luwei "shinto". in front of the important temple all has the respect quick road which specially opens, is called "shinto".

wan rengong wall. this gate is qufu ming chengzheng the nanmen, also is the confucian temple together gate, on hangs "wan rengong the wall" four large brush-written chinese characters, is the clear emperor qian long's imperial brush. it originates from the kong zi self-satisfied disciple child tribute. when lu country congress feudal lord, some people proposed child tribute knowledge broad and profound, may place on a par with kong zi, the sub- tribute in the field, stands up immediately said, i may not dare with my mr./mrs. kong zi compared to, human's knowledge is just like a wall, my this wall only has one high, my teacher's wall has the number to be many. meant that, my knowledge was equal to a shoulder chief is high, clear not any abstruse; kong zi's knowledge has my several fold to be many, passes through the detailed research, the comprehensive discussion, can understand he complete after, crossed the threshold, can see america of the ancestor temple, outside the gate you is blind. the posterity in order to describe kong zi's knowledge profound, wall of number from the master , "hundred ", "thousand " seals kong zi to the ming dynasty emperor is "the world civil official host, all previous dynasties king teacher", seals the kong zi knowledge to have "ten thousand ", extols the kong zi knowledge to have 10,000 eight feet, upward looked, blind goes against, also said this wall deep wall high rampart is extremely firm. these four characters originally write for the bright imperial envoy, qian long for expressed he kong zi the value, kissed the book "wan rengong the wall" to exchange his imperial brush.jin shengyu inspires the work place. this work place constructs at the ming dynasty, is expresses the kong zi knowledge exquisite and perfect, is similar to entire process which plays music, the integrity is from beginning to end complete. the ancient music is by strikes a gong the start, the clock gets up "beginning orderliness also", is strikes qing to come to an end, "the jade inspires" the sound which falls for qing, was called "end orderliness also", praises kong zi's knowledge is the collection first accomplishing of the virtuous sages, therefore called "jin shenger the jade inspires also", "the golden sound" the clock sound, the beginning, "the jade inspires" qing's sound, the end. this also is the management wants "to finish what one starts" the idiom origin. "jin shengyu inspires" is the ming dynasty storytelling legalist school hu zuanzong the topic decides.

"two cypress take on". crosses the jade to inspire work place this stone arch bridge, the thing respectively has a copal, therefore the person "two cypress take on". this bridge said that, "泮 the water bridge" the basin water is interlinked with the temporary palace nearby, because the historical novel is "hopes the water". in the past read book of the confucius and mencius, tested the institute of higher education to call "to enter hopes", served as an official hopes rises high, made business to hope gets rich, crossed the day to hope prosperously.

discontinues the tablet. outside the temple wall the thing respectively sets up a stele, in 1191 specially vertical discontinued the tablet, got down the tablet. the west tablet early destroys, east side on this tablet writes "the official person to discontinue and so on to this". under in the past the civil and military officials, the common people common people henceforth passed by discontinue on foot but the line, shows to kong zi, the confucian temple respect.lattice star gate. the ming dynasty constructs, in 1754 repaired, by wooden changed the iron stone. "the lattice star gate" is the qian long imperial brush. hands down the space galaxy "to have the twenty-eight lunar mansions", among, has to govern cultural the star to be called "the lattice star", the other name "star ", "the day inspires the star", contacts with kong zi and the space tube culture star, shuowen melts the aspect he is highest, if the past offered sacrifice to heaven, needed first to offer a sacrifice to "star ", had reveres kong ruzun the day the view.

too with vitality work place. this work place was the ming dynasty in 1544 constructs, extremely approved kong zi's thought, advocated was similar to "the outer space universe to be able to nurture the myriad things. gathering of the world, gathering of the four directions, gathering of the masculine and feminine elements ", the name" too and "the gas is the most basic thing, the universe too and, vitality of the world. "too with the vitality" was the shandong governor once the mill handwritten letter.

to confucian temple work place. the ming dynasty constructs "to the confucian temple work place", is the white marble, on plays the part of the flame no. 3 gunpowder tea.

german world, daoist monk's cap ancient and modern. this daoist temple thing respectively constructs a very unusual memorial arch to the lining, the wooden angle surrounds, thousand first ten thousand continues, gets down has eight , is called "day long shenshi", hands down its dignified inspiration, may drive out evilly, is just. east side the memorial arch submits a written statement: "the german world", said kong zi's thought advocated is similar to profoundly for humanity's advantage, the merit can compare with the world. the west memorial arch submits a written statement "the daoist monk's cap ancient and modern", approves the kong zi thought, the means ancient and modern all is the unparalleled crown.when saint gate. three compound, four circuit intendant all same, central . this naming originates from mencius, to the ancient times four sages , under iraqi yin, the willow tree favored, kong zi, mencius four sages' saint mark inductions is four speeches: clear saint also, iraqi yin saint no matter what also, under the willow tree favors sum of the saint also, when kong zi saint. "when saint" extremely approves the kong zi thought to advocate prolonged does not fade, is sage which suits the time. emperor comes qufu "to kowtow the big ritual" towards kong yaoxing, walks when the saint gate; all previous dynasties "spread out the saint male" when the birth opens "when the saint the gate", besides these two kind of situations, this not easily opens. all walks the quick g gate, the supine wealthy and prominent family.

the quick g gate, takes considers it a pleasure to be among the first to read meaning. kong zi's knowledge "the five classics four books", who first studies who first to have the culture, who first studies who first to have the knowledge, struggles the study, to first reads as by the foresight joyfully.

supine wealthy and prominent family. praises a kong zi's section of speeches naming according to yan hui. yan hui said that, road of the master, supine makes up high, drills it to make up firmly. upwardly approves the kong zi knowledge blind to go against, calls "to make up high", studies the writings in classical style to be very difficult, calls "to make up firmly", is high is not unattainable, is definitely may learn after the endeavor. yan hui said "master however, friendly are attractive, is abundant i by the article, said me by the ritual." my teacher teaches with skill and patience, teaches me by the culture, executes me by the courtesy.chinese . in the supine wealthy and prominent family in the alcove has two historical values very high chinese , is "the pavilion is long", (the han dynasty place waiter), dying of the government office gate, all is in front of lu wangmu guards. is taken by all previous dynasties inscription on stone tablet and bronze scientist, to studies the han dynasty clothing and the writing has the important value.

liquid gold bridge, this bridge, with imperial palace's in front of bridge of the same name, calls the liquid gold bridge, also is called the blue water bridge, three arrangements, the green water ripples.

great road gate. crosses the liquid gold bridge is the ming dynasty emperor ordered by the emperor personally "the great road gate", takes "confucian analects" center "the person to be able greatly to say, non- road great person" meaning. kong zi is an ordinary writer, why becomes the sage? approved kong zi to summarize first the virtuous sages' experience, especially has brought honor to the yao and shun soup, road of the civil and military duke of zhou. "the person can greatly say that, said the person can direct creates all, the non- road great person, certainly is not all direction people, this is praises person's subjective initiative." the great road hanger-on had two steles, the east side four tablets is "the qufu all previous dynasties evolution will" has recorded the qufu evolution vicissitude history, a yuan generation of institute stood, the historical data value was very high, the west was "scholar out of government employment gentleman the inscription", had the very high calligraphy value.major and medium gate. the major and medium gate is the song dynasty confucian temple front door, was called "center and the gate", italy for uses kong zi's thought processing question all to be possible to be easily solved. the the ming dynasty extension temple renames "the major and medium gate", approves kong zi's knowledge is accomplishing of the collection humanity knowledge, center, takes "the doctrine of the mean" meaning, "center correct path of the world, theorem of the commonplace world", center the agonic, is commonplace is not easy. leaves, is not the correct path, has become the evil road, the crooked gate. is said is not left is not right, the fair correct path, to front is a doctrine of the mean. major and medium gate thing two have watchtower two is guards the confucian temple to use.

same text gate, four big name brands, confucian temple chart. enters in the major and medium gate about to have four big tablets. the west bright hongzhi tablet, says three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues ethics. right flank the hongzhi tablet has the the ming dynasty talented person hunan changsha li dongyang to draw up "the confucian temple chart" the value to be very high.

the cheng hua tablet, is the ming dynasty cheng hua emperor zhu jianshen stands. some two situations bring to all previous dynasties everybody celebrity's attention. one is the cheng hua tablet character writes, the standardization, the standardization well, exquisitely makes the person, the typeface writing technique to have "is world-famous" the evaluation; two, appraises to kong zi high, all previous dynasties emperor all has the comment to kong zi, appraises high is emperor cheng hua, he kong zi's thought, the means compares with eats meal, puts on the clothes, spends, one day also could not leave, had kong zi's truth and the means, could enable each person to develop his talents, thing it used, its strength, otherwise messed up. said has road of the kong zi to have the world, road of the kong zi has not had the world, road of the counter- kong zi loses the world. if the inscribed text stated that, "road of the my only kong zi, the world on first cannot not have , has road of the kong zi then the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues but ethics is just bright, the myriad things take their proper place.. road of the kong zi in the world like cloth , the livelihood of the people daily expense cannot be left vacant for the time being.. inborn kong zi vertical is the saint, lives in the peaceful good justice and humanity, the teacher road emerges, from swims 3000, is continues."