研究表明，嬰兒睡眠問(wèn)題與青少年的心理健康問(wèn)題有關(guān)

研究表明，嬰兒睡眠問(wèn)題與青少年的心理健康問(wèn)題有關(guān)

Sleep problems in early childhood may be linked to the development of certain mental health disorders in adolescence, according to new research.

一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，兒童早期的睡眠問(wèn)題可能與青春期某些心理健康障礙的發(fā)展有關(guān)。

A study of 7,155 children in the United Kingdom found that waking up frequently during the night and irregular sleep routines as babies and toddlers was linked to psychotic experiences in children ages 12 and 13. Also, children who slept for shorter periods at night were more likely to be associated with borderline personality disorder at ages 11 and 12.

一項(xiàng)對(duì)英國(guó)7155名兒童的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夜間頻繁醒來(lái)以及嬰兒和蹣跚學(xué)步時(shí)睡眠不規(guī)律與12歲和13歲兒童的精神病經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。此外，夜間睡眠時(shí)間較短的孩子在11歲和12歲時(shí)更容易出現(xiàn)邊緣性人格障礙。

The research, which published Wednesday in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, was the first time possible links between early childhood sleep problems and adolescent psychotic experiences and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms have been examined.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在周三的《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)精神病學(xué)雜志》上，這是第一次對(duì)兒童早期睡眠問(wèn)題與青少年精神病和邊緣性人格障礙(BPD)癥狀之間可能存在的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了研究。

"We know from previous research that persistent nightmares in children have been associated with both psychosis and borderline personality disorder," said lead author Isabel Morales-Munoz, a research fellow at the Institute of Mental Health at the University of Birmingham.

“我們從以前的研究中知道，兒童持續(xù)的噩夢(mèng)與精神病和邊緣性人格障礙有關(guān)，”伯明翰大學(xué)心理健康研究所的研究員、主要作者伊莎貝爾·莫拉萊斯·穆諾茲說(shuō)。

"But nightmares do not tell the whole story. We've found that, in fact, a number of behavioral sleep problems in childhood can point towards these problems in adolescence," she said.

但是噩夢(mèng)并不能說(shuō)明一切。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上，兒童時(shí)期的一些睡眠行為問(wèn)題可以指向青少年時(shí)期的這些問(wèn)題。”她說(shuō)。

Adolescence, typically defined as the ages between 10 and 19, is a key period in human development because of brain and hormonal changes, and it's now thought to be when many mental health problems start.

青春期，通常被定義為10到19歲，由于大腦和荷爾蒙的變化，是人類(lèi)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為這是許多心理健康問(wèn)題的開(kāi)始。

Prior research in Australia found that babies with persistent severe sleep problems in their first year were at greater risk for anxiety and emotional issues in later childhood.

此前在澳大利亞的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在第一年有持續(xù)嚴(yán)重睡眠問(wèn)題的嬰兒在童年后期出現(xiàn)焦慮和情緒問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。

Sleep problems in children and adolescents have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risk-taking and aggression.

兒童和青少年的睡眠問(wèn)題已經(jīng)被證明可以預(yù)測(cè)各種情緒和行為問(wèn)題的發(fā)展，包括抑郁、焦慮、注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙、冒險(xiǎn)和攻擊性。

Sleep and mental health are closely connected in adults, with sleep problems increasing the risk for developing particular mental illnesses as well as resulting from mental health issues.

成年人的睡眠和心理健康密切相關(guān)，睡眠問(wèn)題增加了罹患特定心理疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致心理健康問(wèn)題。

Parents shouldn't worry

父母不應(yīng)該擔(dān)心

Dr. Jenny Radesky, an assistant professor of developmental behavioral pediatrics at Michigan Medicine, said that disturbed sleep in early childhood was a marker of many things, and there wasn't a clear mechanism by which it could be influencing the risk of these diagnoses, which may sound scary to parents.

密歇根醫(yī)學(xué)院發(fā)育行為兒科學(xué)助理教授珍妮·雷德斯基博士說(shuō)，兒童早期睡眠不佳是很多事情的一個(gè)標(biāo)志，目前還沒(méi)有明確的機(jī)制來(lái)影響這些診斷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能讓父母感到害怕。

She also noted that the study didn't appear to have properly adjusted for parental mental illness, which, given the genetic underpinnings of mental illness, could explain both why a child had sleep differences in early childhood and why the child is exhibiting mental illness symptoms in adolescence.

她還指出，這項(xiàng)研究似乎沒(méi)有對(duì)父母的精神疾病進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整，鑒于精神疾病的遺傳基礎(chǔ)，這可以解釋為什么孩子在童年早期會(huì)有睡眠差異，以及為什么孩子在青春期會(huì)表現(xiàn)出精神疾病的癥狀。

Morales-Munoz agreed that parents struggling with their baby or child's sleep shouldn't be overly worried by these findings.

莫拉萊斯·穆諾茲認(rèn)為，為孩子或孩子的睡眠而掙扎的父母不應(yīng)該對(duì)這些發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)分擔(dān)心。

"The advice that I would give to parents is that if they are worrying about their child having some sleep problems, they should consult a specialist," she said.

她說(shuō):“我給家長(zhǎng)的建議是，如果他們擔(dān)心孩子有睡眠問(wèn)題，他們應(yīng)該咨詢(xún)專(zhuān)家。”

"In many cases, these parental worries are indeed part of a normative developmental stage (such as, for example, their child waking up a few times during the night, or having problems falling asleep) but still it would be beneficial to know that, and parents could feel more relaxed; but in other cases, these are indeed part of a developmental problem," she said via email.

“在許多情況下，父母的擔(dān)憂確實(shí)是正常發(fā)育階段的一部分(例如，他們的孩子在晚上醒來(lái)幾次，或者入睡有問(wèn)題)，但知道這一點(diǎn)還是有好處的，父母可以感到更放松;但在其他情況下，這些確實(shí)是發(fā)展問(wèn)題的一部分，”她通過(guò)電子郵件說(shuō)。