正念與加強(qiáng)人際寬恕相關(guān)

正念與加強(qiáng)人際寬恕相關(guān)

New research provides evidence that people who are more mindful are more prone to forgiveness and that mindfulness exercises can facilitate a forgiving attitude. The findings appear in the journal Emotion.

新的研究提供證據(jù)表明，更有正念的人更容易寬恕，正念練習(xí)可以促進(jìn)寬容的態(tài)度。研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《情感》雜志上。

“While mindfulness is studied extensively, there is relatively little research on the potential interpersonal impact of mindfulness. Studying the link between mindfulness and forgiveness is one of the small steps towards understanding the interpersonal impact of mindfulness,” said study author Johan C. Karremans, an associate professor Radboud University Nijmegen.

“雖然正念被廣泛研究，但關(guān)于正念對(duì)人際關(guān)系的潛在影響的研究相對(duì)較少。研究正念和寬恕之間的聯(lián)系是理解正念對(duì)人際關(guān)系影響的一個(gè)小步驟。”研究作者、雷德布大學(xué)尼梅根分校副教授Johan C.Karremans說(shuō)。

“Secondly, understanding the role of mindfulness may actually provide novel insights into how people forgive. The difficulty in forgiving another person often lies in the process of immersing oneself in emotions and thoughts about what happened, which tends to fuel rather than lower the hurt. Taking a step back, and taking a third-person perspective on such internal processes (which mindfulness may help you to do) could prevent this extra layer of distress in the wake of being offended, and make it easier to forgive.”

“第二，理解正念的作用實(shí)際上可以為人們?nèi)绾螌捤√峁┬碌囊?jiàn)解。原諒他人的困難往往在于讓自己沉浸在對(duì)所發(fā)生事情的情感和想法中，這往往會(huì)助長(zhǎng)而不是降低傷害。退一步，從第三人稱的角度來(lái)看待這些內(nèi)在的過(guò)程(正念可能會(huì)幫助你做到這一點(diǎn))，可以防止在被冒犯后出現(xiàn)這層額外的痛苦，并使寬恕變得更容易。”

The researchers conducted five separate studies with 592 participants in total. Supporting a general link between mindfulness and forgiveness, the researchers found that people who agreed with statements such as “I perceive my feelings and emotions without having to react to them” and “I am good at findings words to describe my feelings” tended to also agree with statements such as “I tend to get over it quickly when someone hurts my feelings.”

研究人員對(duì)592名參與者進(jìn)行了5項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的研究。支持正念和寬恕之間的普遍聯(lián)系，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些贊同諸如“我感知自己的感受和情緒而不必對(duì)它們做出反應(yīng)”和“我擅長(zhǎng)用詞來(lái)描述自己的感受”等說(shuō)法的人，也傾向于贊同諸如“當(dāng)有人傷害我的感受時(shí)，我會(huì)很快克服它”等說(shuō)法。

Karremans and his colleagues also found that listening to guided mindful attention instructions led to higher levels of forgiveness regarding a past offense, and that higher levels of mindfulness were associated with higher levels of forgiveness as rated by a romantic partner.

Karremans和他的同事們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，傾聽(tīng)有指導(dǎo)意義的正念注意指令會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)過(guò)去的過(guò)錯(cuò)有更高程度的寬恕，而更高程度的正念與更高程度的寬恕相關(guān)，就像一個(gè)浪漫的伴侶所評(píng)價(jià)的那樣。

“Mindfulness might not just be helpful in reducing stress and improving happiness (as it is often seen, somewhat stereotypically), but it may help to foster better interpersonal relationships by making one a bit more forgiving,” Karremans told PsyPost.

Karremans告訴PsyPost：“正念可能不僅有助于減輕壓力和提高幸福感(人們經(jīng)?？吹剑@有點(diǎn)老生常談)，還可能有助于培養(yǎng)更好的人際關(guān)系，讓人更寬容一些。”。

The findings also indicate that mindfulness is positively associated with forgiveness because of its association with empathic perspective taking. In other words, more mindful people were also more likely to report being better at adopting the psychological point of view of others, which in turn was linked to heightened forgiveness.

研究結(jié)果還表明，正念與寬恕正相關(guān)，因?yàn)樗c移情視角的采取。換言之，更細(xì)心的人也更有可能報(bào)告說(shuō)，他們更善于采納他人的心理觀點(diǎn)，而這反過(guò)來(lái)又與提高寬恕有關(guān)。

But as with all research, the findings come with some caveats.

但是和所有的研究一樣，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)也有一些需要注意的地方。

“I regard our studies as providing initial and suggestive evidence for our main prediction. However, there are limitations: Most of the studies are based on self-reports of mindfulness (measuring individual differences in what we call trait mindfulness; some people are simply more mindful than others), and self-reports of forgiveness,” Karremans explained.

“我認(rèn)為我們的研究為我們的主要預(yù)測(cè)提供了初步和有啟發(fā)性的證據(jù)。然而，也有局限性：大多數(shù)研究都是基于正念的自我報(bào)告(測(cè)量我們稱之為特質(zhì)正念的個(gè)體差異;有些人只是比其他人更正念)和寬恕的自我報(bào)告。”Karremans解釋說(shuō)。

“The next step would be to see whether mindfulness intervention (e.g. the standardized 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction training) would causally result in more forgiving responses (as compared to a proper control intervention), ideally assessed with physiological and behavioral indicators of forgiveness, that are less prone to self-report biases (e.g. social desirability) as compared to self-report measures on a questionnaire.”

“下一步將是觀察正念干預(yù)(例如，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的8周正念減壓訓(xùn)練)是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的寬恕反應(yīng)(與適當(dāng)?shù)目刂聘深A(yù)相比)，理想的評(píng)估方法是使用寬恕的生理和行為指標(biāo)，與問(wèn)卷上的自我報(bào)告措施相比，更不容易產(chǎn)生自我報(bào)告偏差(如社會(huì)期望值)。”