吸一次蟾蜍粉末分泌物，讓人快樂(lè)一個(gè)月

吸一次蟾蜍粉末分泌物，讓人快樂(lè)一個(gè)月

In the last few years, evidence has been emerging that several psychedelicsseem to alleviate the symptoms of depression. Now scientists have tested a new compound - and early trials indicate that it, too, has potential.

在過(guò)去的幾年里，有證據(jù)表明，一些迷幻藥可以緩解抑郁癥的癥狀。現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)測(cè)試了一種新的化合物——早期的試驗(yàn)表明，它也有潛力。

As with many other psychedelics, this one comes from nature, too. Specifically, we're talking 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), secreted by the Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius).

像其他許多迷幻藥一樣，這個(gè)也來(lái)自大自然。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，我們說(shuō)的是5-甲氧基-N，N-二甲基色胺(5-Meo-DMT)，由科羅拉多河蟾蜍(incilius alvarius)分泌。

Among a small group of people, researchers led by Maastricht University in the Netherlands found that inhaling dried-and-powdered toad secretions resulted in increased life satisfaction, better mindfulness, and a decrease in psychopathological symptoms for the duration of the four-week-long study.

荷蘭馬斯特里赫特大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在為期四周的研究期間，吸入干燥和粉末狀的蟾蜍分泌物可提高生活滿意度，改善心智狀態(tài)，減少精神病理癥狀。

According to the team, this result shows more research is needed into the potential beneficial effects of 5-MeO-DMT.

研究小組認(rèn)為，這一結(jié)果表明，對(duì)5-Meo-DMT的潛在有益效果，還需要更多的研究。

"A recent survey among users of 5-MeO-DMT (toad, synthetic, or plant derived) indicated that most respondents used 5-MeO-DMT for spiritual exploration and reported mystical-type experiences of moderate-to-high intensity," the researchers write in their paper.

研究人員在論文中寫道：“最近對(duì)5-Meo-DMT(蟾蜍、合成或植物衍生)使用者進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明，大多數(shù)受訪者使用5-Meo-DMT進(jìn)行精神探索，并報(bào)告了中度到高度的神秘體驗(yàn)。”

"Interestingly, those respondents who reported a psychiatric disorder mentioned that 5-MeO-DMT had helped them reduce their symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress, or effectively deal with alcoholism and drug abuse."

有趣的是，那些報(bào)告有精神疾病的受訪者提到，5-Meo-DMT幫助他們減輕了焦慮、抑郁和創(chuàng)傷后壓力的癥狀，或者有效地治療酗酒和藥物濫用。

Users, the researchers noted, have reported that toad goo produces a more intense psychedelic effect than plant- or fungus-based psychedelics. This includes such substances as LSD (from ergot fungus), mescaline (from the peyote cactus), psilocybin (from mushrooms) and ayahuasca (from a vine).

研究人員指出，用戶報(bào)告說(shuō)蟾蜍膠比植物或真菌類迷幻藥產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)烈的迷幻效果。這包括LSD(來(lái)自麥角真菌)、美斯卡靈(來(lái)自Peyote仙人掌)、psilocybin(來(lái)自蘑菇)和Ayahuasca(來(lái)自藤蔓)。

To investigate this stronger effect, the team set out to conduct an observational study of the potential antidepressant properties the toad psychedelic might have.

為了研究這種更強(qiáng)的效果，研究小組著手對(duì)蟾蜍迷幻藥——可能具有的潛在抗抑郁特性進(jìn)行觀察研究。

Forty-two participants from around the world completed baseline tests before inhaling a vapour of dried toad dust, and then did the tests again within 24 hours of the inhalation.

來(lái)自世界各地的42名參與者，在吸入干蟾蜍粉塵蒸氣之前完成了基線測(cè)試，然后在吸入后24小時(shí)內(nèi)再次進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。

Then, 24 of those participants completed a final round of testing four weeks later. Of those 24, most reported feeling better about their life, more mindful, and less depressed, anxious and stressed even four weeks after that single dose. And the stronger their psychedelic experience, the more pronounced were the prolonged effects.

然后，24名參與者在4周后完成了最后一輪測(cè)試。在這24名患者中，大多數(shù)人報(bào)告說(shuō)，即使在服用單次藥物4周后，他們的生活感覺(jué)更好，更專注，更少抑郁、焦慮和壓力。他們的迷幻體驗(yàn)越強(qiáng)，長(zhǎng)期效果越明顯。

It is important to note that this is not necessarily indicative of the whole gamut of experiences, the researchers said, since nearly half of the participants who completed the 24-hour survey did not return for the final tests.

研究人員說(shuō)，值得注意的是，這并不一定代表所有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)橥瓿?4小時(shí)調(diào)查的近一半?yún)⑴c者，沒(méi)有回來(lái)參加最后的測(cè)試。

"Their reasons for not completing the assessments are unknown but potentially could be driven by disappointments that emerged over the experience," they write in their paper.

他們?cè)谡撐闹袑懙溃?ldquo;他們未能完成評(píng)估的原因尚不清楚，但可能是因?yàn)榻?jīng)歷中出現(xiàn)的失望情緒。”

"Most participants listed either 'understanding myself' or 'solving problems' as their motivation for attending the sessions. Other motivations included self-development, the search for a spiritual experience or spiritual healing and curiosity.

“大多數(shù)參與者將“了解我自己”或“解決問(wèn)題”列為他們參加會(huì)議的動(dòng)機(jī)。其他動(dòng)機(jī)包括自我發(fā)展，尋求精神體驗(yàn)或精神治療和好奇心。

"It is unknown whether the experience from inhaling vapour from dried toad secretion containing 5-MeO-DMT fulfilled the expectations and motivations of all participants."

“尚不清楚從含5-meo-dmt的干蟾蜍分泌物中吸入蒸汽的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，是否滿足了所有參與者的期望和動(dòng)機(jī)。”

It's also possible to have a bad trip on 5-MeO-DMT, leading to feelings of increased anxiety and paranoia, the researchers noted. So it's possible that the participants who did not return may have had a bad experience.

研究人員指出，5-meo-dmt也有可能出現(xiàn)不愉快的旅行，導(dǎo)致焦慮和偏執(zhí)的感覺(jué)增加。所以，那些沒(méi)有回來(lái)的參與者可能有過(guò)不好的經(jīng)歷。

Thus, if only the people who had a good experience completed the assessments, that could have introduced a selection bias into the results, since there was no control group. Additionally, the doses were eyeballed rather than strictly weighed, adding another limitation to the study.

因此，如果只有有良好經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人完成評(píng)估，就可能會(huì)在結(jié)果中引入選擇偏差，因?yàn)闆](méi)有對(duì)照組。此外，對(duì)劑量進(jìn)行的是目測(cè)，而不是嚴(yán)格稱重，這給研究增加了另一個(gè)限制。

"The present findings can therefore only be taken as a preliminary indication of the impact of inhaling vapour from dried toad secretion containing 5-MeO-DMT on mental health parameters," the team writes.

研究小組寫道：“因此，目前的研究結(jié)果，只能作為從含有5-meo-dmt的干蟾蜍分泌物中吸入蒸汽，對(duì)心理健康參數(shù)影響的初步跡象。”

The researchers do emphasise that the study was done to determine if further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of 5-MeO-DMT is worth pursuing.

研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，這項(xiàng)研究是為了確定是否值得進(jìn)一步研究5-甲基-DMT的潛在療效。

"This study suggests that a single administration of vapour from toad secretion containing 5-MeO-DMT produces rapid and persistent improvements in satisfaction with life, mindfulness and psychopathological symptoms, and that these changes are associated to the strength of the psychedelic experience," the researchers wrote.

“這項(xiàng)研究表明，單次給予含有5-Meo-DMT的蟾蜍分泌物中的蒸汽，可以迅速持續(xù)地改善對(duì)生活、意識(shí)和精神病理癥狀的滿意度，這些變化與迷幻體驗(yàn)的強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。”研究人員寫道。

"These results provide evidence supporting further research examining the potential therapeutic effect of 5-MeO-DMT."

“這些結(jié)果為進(jìn)一步研究5-Meo-DMT的潛在療效提供了證據(jù)。”

The research has been published in the journal Psychopharmacology.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《精神藥理學(xué)》雜志上。