谷蛋白對健康的人沒有壞處

Unless you have been medically diagnosed with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity, a rigorous new study shows that eating foods containing gluten will cause you no harm, and avoiding these proteins in your diet isn't necessary.

除非你被醫(yī)學(xué)診斷患有腹腔疾病或谷蛋白敏感癥，否則一項嚴(yán)格的新研究表明，吃含有谷蛋白的食物不會對你造成傷害，在飲食中避免攝入這些蛋白質(zhì)是沒有必要的。

In the first double-blind randomised controlled trial, which is one of the most reliable tests we have today, healthy volunteers who ate gluten-containing flour did not report gastrointestinal symptoms or fatigue.

在第一個雙盲隨機對照試驗中(這是我們今天最可靠的試驗之一)，食用含谷蛋白面粉的健康志愿者沒有報告胃腸道癥狀或疲勞。

It's the first time a test like this has relied on healthy volunteers with no history of gut issues (such as irritable bowel syndrome), and it helps to clear up some of the mixed results that have been surfacing in recent years.

這是第一次對沒有腸道病史(如腸易激綜合征)的健康志愿者進(jìn)行這樣的測試，它有助于澄清近年來出現(xiàn)的一些混雜結(jié)果。

Today in the United States, over three million people follow a gluten-free diet, even though some 82 percent have not been diagnosed with health issues that would require this lifestyle change. People cite many reasons for going gluten-free, but "wellbeing" is usually a reigning factor.

今天，在美國，超過300萬人遵循無谷蛋白飲食，盡管約82%的人沒有被診斷出需要改變生活方式的健康問題。人們列舉了許多不含谷蛋白的原因，但“健康”通常是一個主導(dǎo)因素。

According to American market research, 65 percent of the public thinks gluten-free diets are just generally healthier. The new research, along with plenty ofother studies, challenges this widespread assumption.

根據(jù)美國市場調(diào)查，65%的公眾認(rèn)為無谷蛋白飲食通常更健康。這項新的研究，以及許多其他的研究，挑戰(zhàn)了這一普遍的假設(shè)。

"The benefits of a [gluten free diet] are sold also on the basis of a decreased disease burden, improved cognitive function, weight loss, and 'looking good'," write gastroenterologists Emma Halmos and Peter Gibson from Monash University in an editorial accompanying the study.

莫納什大學(xué)的腸胃病學(xué)家Emma Halmos和Peter Gibson在該研究的一篇社論中寫道：“無谷蛋白飲食的好處也是基于疾病負(fù)擔(dān)的減輕、認(rèn)知功能的改善、體重的減輕和‘看起來不錯’的基礎(chǔ)上出售的。”

"Data to support such notions are missing. In fact, large prospective cohort studies, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, have shown no risk of gluten contributing to cardiovascular disease or the metabolic syndrome."

“缺少支持這些概念的數(shù)據(jù)。事實上，包括國家健康和營養(yǎng)檢查調(diào)查在內(nèi)的大型前瞻性隊列研究顯示，谷蛋白不會導(dǎo)致心血管疾病或代謝綜合征。”

The new study is small and short, but its method is tightly controlled and carefully regulated for bias. For over two weeks, 28 volunteers, randomly split into two groups, were asked to follow a gluten-free diet, while also consuming a dose of flour twice a day that equalled either 14 grams of gluten or was entirely gluten free. Not even the researchers were aware of who was receiving which type of flour.

這項新研究規(guī)模小、篇幅短，但其方法受到嚴(yán)格控制，并受到嚴(yán)格的偏差控制。在超過兩周的時間里，28名志愿者被隨機分成兩組，他們被要求遵循無谷蛋白飲食，同時每天吃兩次面粉，每次14克或完全不含谷蛋白。甚至連研究人員都不知道是誰在接受哪種面粉。

To measure any changes in their abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, diarrhoea, and constipation, each participant also completed a series of symptom-rating scales before and after the two week test. Their feelings of fatigue were gauged using a visual analogue scale.

為了測量他們的腹痛、反流、消化不良、腹瀉和便秘的任何變化，每個參與者在兩周測試之前和之后還完成了一系列癥狀評分量表。他們的疲勞感用視覺模擬量表測量。

In the end, independent analyses between the randomised groups showed no significant differences among healthy patients in any symptoms, including abdominal pain. Overall, only one healthy individual who ate gluten reported diarrhoea, and the authors argue this is likely anomalous.

最后，隨機分組之間的獨立分析顯示，健康患者在任何癥狀(包括腹痛)方面均無顯著差異?？偟膩碚f，只有一個健康的人吃谷蛋白報告腹瀉，作者認(rèn)為這可能是反常的。

This suggests that avoiding gluten does not provide any benefits to the average healthy person.

這表明，避免谷蛋白對普通健康人沒有任何好處。

In stark contrast, people with diagnosable problems linked to gluten can have serious issues. A double-blind randomised controlled study on those with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity, for example, found over 90 percent of patients had a clinical relapse during their gluten challenge.

與此形成鮮明對比的是，有可能與谷蛋白有關(guān)的可診斷問題的人可能會有嚴(yán)重的問題。例如，一項雙盲隨機對照研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，90%以上的患者在接受谷蛋白挑戰(zhàn)時出現(xiàn)臨床復(fù)發(fā)。

In those with coeliac disease, gluten can actually destroy the lining of the small intestine, and if the damage becomes too much it can lead to osteoporosis, infertility, nerve damage, and seizures.

對于那些患有腹腔疾病的人，谷蛋白實際上會破壞小腸的內(nèi)壁，如果損傷太大，就會導(dǎo)致骨質(zhì)疏松、不孕、神經(jīng)損傷和癲癇發(fā)作。

Such extreme reactions to gluten are quite rare however, occurring in less than one percent of the total US population. A strict, life-long gluten-free diet is therefore required for this small subset of individuals, but the new research suggests that doesn't really apply to anyone else.

然而，這種對谷蛋白的極端反應(yīng)非常罕見，發(fā)生在美國總?cè)丝诘牟坏桨俜种?。因此，這一小部分人需要嚴(yán)格的終身無谷蛋白飲食，但新的研究表明，這并不適用于其他人。

"The big question is whether these findings will dampen enthusiasm for the use of a gluten-free diet among the general community," Halmos and Gibsen write, adding that scientifically valid findings have had little influence on beliefs about gluten so far.

霍爾莫斯和吉布森寫道：“最大的問題是，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是否會抑制人們對無谷蛋白飲食的熱情。”他補充說，科學(xué)上有效的發(fā)現(xiàn)迄今為止對谷蛋白的信仰幾乎沒有影響。

There's even some evidence that gluten-free diets can do more harm than good. Previous surveys have shown those with coeliac disease do not consume enough calcium, iron, fibre, folate and thiamine. Another study found people with a lower gluten intake had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

甚至有證據(jù)表明，無谷蛋白飲食對健康有害。以前的調(diào)查顯示那些患有腹腔疾病的人沒有攝入足夠的鈣、鐵、纖維、葉酸和硫胺。另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，谷蛋白攝入量較低的人患2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險較高。

Given these results, the authors of the new study suggest "there is possibly clinical justification in actively discouraging people from starting it if they have no diagnosable sensitivity."

鑒于這些結(jié)果，這項新研究的作者建議“如果你沒有診斷出谷蛋白過敏，那么就積極的實用它。”

The research was published in Gastroenterology.

這項研究發(fā)表在《胃腸病學(xué)》雜志上。