【BEC寫作】通過實例教你書寫報告書
Report formats vary from company to company. However, most long or formal reports have 11
elements. Not every report will contain all 11 parts. You may want to omit some part, depending on the kind of report and on your reader’s needs; nonetheless, you should be aware of the purpose and function of each part.
報告格式根據(jù)不同公司機構(gòu)的要求而有所差異。但一般篇幅較長的正式報告大約包括11個要素。
但是并不是所有報告都會囊括這些要素，需要撰寫人根據(jù)目的、讀者和功能有所選取。
Body of the Report 報告正文
1. Introduction — The introduction describes the reason for the report.
介紹報告的目的、數(shù)據(jù)采集手段、數(shù)據(jù)來源、定義以及報告的文章脈絡(luò)。好的介紹能夠激起讀者的興趣，并提供有效的背景信息。
2. Body — Include in this section all the pertinent data you have gathered and analyzed.
陳述報告的案例并證明自己的觀點。介紹并分析調(diào)查結(jié)果。該部分還可以使用圖表等來輔助論證。
可以使用不同的標題。大標題表示報告的主要內(nèi)容，副標題或小標題表示支持的觀點和具體的內(nèi)容。
這些標題實質(zhì)上與文章的大綱是差不多的，如何放置標題取決于機構(gòu)的一貫操作。一般來說可以這么做(多數(shù)情況下只需總共使用三級標題即可)：
• First category — centered, in capitals 大標題居中，大寫。
• Second category — left margin, in capitals 二級標題居左，大寫。
• Third category — left margin, initial capitals, underscored 三級標題居左，首字母大寫，下劃線。
• Fourth category — indented five spaces from left margin, initial capitals, underscored 四級標題縮進(5個字符)，首字母大寫，下劃線。
• Fifth category — left margin, initial capitals 五級標題居左首字母大寫。
一般情況下，可以這么布局：
• Page numbers 頁碼 — 一般可放置在頁面中間或右上方，距離邊界4行左右的位置處?；蛘咭部煞旁陧撁嫦路交蛴蚁路较嗨莆恢谩?/p>
• Major heading 大標題 — 居中大寫。
• Subheading 小標題 — 居左大寫。
• Margins 邊距 — 左邊距 1.5英寸; 右邊距 1英寸; 上下邊距 1.5英寸。
• Body of report 報告正文— 兩倍行距
• Long quotes 長斷引用— 一倍行距，可使用頁面結(jié)尾的腳注、表格或文末參考來表示。
3. Conclusion — Readers may skim through the body of the report to get to the conclusion
section.
簡潔清楚地表述數(shù)據(jù)及相關(guān)材料的意義，調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的規(guī)律、走向。最好一一羅列出來。
注意：推斷出的結(jié)論應(yīng)符合邏輯，要建立在調(diào)查的結(jié)果之上。
4. Recommendations — Take your conclusions to the next step and answer such
questions as:
在結(jié)論之上作進一步闡述
• What should be done?
• How do we achieve the desired outcome?
• How can we persuade people to agree with our plan of action?
這些闡述有助于人們在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)進行調(diào)查或得出相應(yīng)的行為。
Let‘s have a case!實例：
以下是一個獨立報告的實例 Stand-alone report
MAEUMAN STORES, NOTTING HILL BRANCH
REPORT ON POSSIBILITY OF OPENING A CRECHE
INTRODUCTION
I was asked to investigate the opening of a crèche at the Notting Hill branch by Mrs Lillian Cheng. In order to do this the following steps were taken.
1. I obtained a breakdown of figures showing the number of customers with young children.
2. I discussed this issue with several customers who brought children to the store.
3. The accommodation, staffing and insurance issues were considered.
4. I investigated the experience of other shops that already have a crèche.
FINDINGS
1. 7.3% of Maruman customers have at least one child under the age of 3.
2. The majority of customers interviewed said they would use a crèche if the cost was reasonable. Some of these customers also commented that other friends who are not presently customers might also consider using the shop if there was a crèche.
3. There are strict laws and regulations concerning accommodations and staffing of a crèche. The site would have to be approved to run a crèche before we could start one.
4. Staff appointed to run the crèche would have to be fully qualified.
5. A suitable space would have to be found. This would require running water as well as toilets. The crèche would have to be close to the store entrance but due to noise levels it should be kept separate from the main store.
6. The company would be required to ensure adequate insurance.
7. Many rival stores in the neighbourhood are offering crèche facilities.
CONCLUSIONS
A crèche would be popular and well-used if we decided to go ahead with this.
RECOMMENDATIONS
I suggest that the company should give further consideration to offering a crèche and investigate the financial aspects that would be involved.
Sally Turner
Customer Service Executive
LC/ST (歸檔號)
20 April 201-(日期)
分析：這篇report非常簡潔清晰，沒有多余的詞句。最大的特點是使用了數(shù)字來表示自己1.搜集信息時采取的步驟，2.調(diào)研的結(jié)果。
但是可以看出這是一份比較初期的調(diào)查，沒有針對特殊的問題和人群，所以收集的問題和數(shù)據(jù)是比較廣泛的。在之后的調(diào)查中如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了具體的問題還可以具體分析，并且可以在報告中對調(diào)查的問題進行分類顯示，這就需要更強的邏輯能力了。
