為了避免重復(fù)出現(xiàn)前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的名詞,常用it, one, that, those來(lái)替代。這幾個(gè)替代詞是高考中的一個(gè)常考點(diǎn)?,F(xiàn)將各個(gè)替代詞的用法歸納如下:
用法說(shuō)明一:
it和that都替代“the+單數(shù)名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))”,都是特指,都可替代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,但it指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同類(lèi)”事物。如:
My father bought me a pen and I like it very much.我父親給我買(mǎi)了一支鋼筆,我非常喜歡它。(it替代the pen,指前面提到的父親給我買(mǎi)的那支鋼筆)
This dictionary is more useful than that (=the one)I bought yesterday.這本詞典比我昨天買(mǎi)的更有用。(that替代the dictionary,與前面的this dictionary是同類(lèi))
用法說(shuō)明二:
one替代“a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”,表示泛指;其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones替代泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。特指的the one相當(dāng)于that,替代“the+單數(shù)名詞”;the one的復(fù)數(shù)形式the ones,替代“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,在口語(yǔ)中也常用those代替。當(dāng)后面有of短語(yǔ)時(shí),多用that或those;當(dāng)有前置修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用one(s)。另外,one(s), the one(s), those都只能替代可數(shù)名詞。如:
Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one.收音機(jī)對(duì)我學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有用,我想買(mǎi)一臺(tái)。(one替代a radio,是泛指收音機(jī)這類(lèi)東西中的一臺(tái)) (from www.yygrammar)
We still have shortcomings,and they are very big ones too. 我們還有缺點(diǎn),而且是很大的缺點(diǎn)。(ones替代shortcomings)
We kept seats for those who might arrive late.我們給可能來(lái)晚的人留了座位。(those=the ones替代the persons)
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light.紅色光線的波長(zhǎng)約為藍(lán)色波長(zhǎng)的兩倍。(those替代the waves)
The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 蘇格蘭的人口是康沃爾人口的八倍。(that替代不可數(shù)名詞the population,不能用the one)