走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第17期:克里克和沃森

所屬教程:走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué)

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2018年04月22日

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The Secret of Life in the Pub

克里克和沃森

The names of James Watson and Francis Crick are bound together forever because the scientific discovery they made was truly a joint enterprise，Watson and Crick were the first to describe the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, the molecule that carries our genes and determines everything from the color of our eyes to the shape of our fingernails. Even though Watson and Crick's collaboration lasted only a few years, their achievement was huge enough to tie their names together forever in the history of science and to establish a firm footing for what was then a radical new branch of science: molecular biology. In doing so，they paved the way for the early detection of genetic diseases such as sickle-cell anemia, and for new scientific leaps such as animal cloning.

詹姆斯沃森和弗朗西斯克里克這兩個(gè)名字永遠(yuǎn)聯(lián)系在了一起，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)〉玫闹卮罂茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是兩人共同的事業(yè)。沃森和克里克是第一次向世人描述脫氧核糖核酸或DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的兩位科學(xué)家。DNA這種分子攜帶著人類的基因并決定著從眼珠的顏色到手指甲形狀的人身上的一切部位。盡管沃森和克里克的合作僅持續(xù)幾年，兩人取得的成就之大足以令他們名垂科學(xué)史。他們還為分子生物學(xué)的發(fā)展打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，而那時(shí)的分子生物學(xué)只是門新興學(xué)科。兩人的發(fā)現(xiàn)為諸如鐮狀細(xì)胞性貧血等遺傳疾病的早期診斷和諸如動(dòng)物克隆等的新科學(xué)飛躍鋪平了道路。

Francis Harry Compton Crick was born on 8 June 1916 near Northampton. He studied physics at University College of London, and during World Wax Two he worked for the Admiralty Research Laboratory, from which emerged a group of many notable scientists. He changed from physics to biology and in 1947 began to work at Cambridge University. By 1949，he was working at the Medical Research Council unit at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. In 1951, an American student，James Watson, arrived at the unit and the two began to work together

1916年6月8日，弗朗西斯哈里康普頓克里克出生于北安普敦附近。他在倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)物理。二戰(zhàn)期間，克里克為英國海軍研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，那里涌現(xiàn)出了很多知名的科學(xué)家。后來他從物理系轉(zhuǎn)到生物系并于1947年開始在劍橋大學(xué)工作。1949年，克里克開始在劍橋大學(xué)卡文迪什實(shí)驗(yàn)室的醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心工作。1951年，一位美國學(xué)生詹姆斯沃森來到了中心，于是兩人開始一起工作。

James Dewey Watson was born on 6 April 1928 in Chicago and studied at the universities of Chicago, Indiana and Copenhagen. He then moved to Cambridge University. Watson and Crick worked together on studying the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)，the molecule that contains the hereditary information for cells.

詹姆斯杜威沃森1928年4月6日出生于芝加哥并先后在芝加哥大學(xué)、印第安納大學(xué)和哥本哈根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。后來他去了劍橋大學(xué)。沃森和克里克一同致力于DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的研究，DNA (脫氧核糖核酸）是一種攜帶細(xì)胞遺傳信息分子。

In April 1953，they published the news of their discovery, a molecular structure of DNA based on the double helix. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. This set the stage for the rapid advances of molecular biology.

1953年4月，克里克和沃森宣布了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)：DNA的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。他們提供的DNA分子結(jié)構(gòu)模型解釋了DNA是怎樣復(fù)制遺傳信息，而遺傳信息又是如何在DNA上編碼的。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為分子生物學(xué)的快速發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件。

Francis Crick continued to work in genetics and then moved into brain research, becoming a professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California. He died on 28 July 2004.

弗朗西斯克里克繼續(xù)自己在遺傳學(xué)方面的研究，而后轉(zhuǎn)到腦研究，成為美國加州薩克生物研究學(xué)院的教授。他于2004年7月28日辭世。

From 1988 to 1992, James Watson directed the Human Genome Project at the American National Institutes of Health. He was Instrumental in obtaining funding for the project and in encouraging cooperation between governments and leading scientists.

從1988年到1992年,詹姆斯沃森指導(dǎo)了美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院的人類基因組計(jì)劃。他在為該項(xiàng)目獲得資金及鼓勵(lì)政府和頂尖科學(xué)家合作等方面起了重要作用。