侏羅紀(jì)搏擊俱樂(lè)部 第14期:近親繁殖的副作用

When it comes to attacking an adversary, the sexeswere probably different.

在向?qū)κ值墓羯蟽尚灾g可能不同。

The male refined his hunting skills to capture preyor suitable mate.

雄性通過(guò)捕食獵物和追求配偶來(lái)完善自己的狩獵技巧。

But like modern birds and reptiles, the mother wasprobably more of a defensive fighter, used toprotect her offspring.

不過(guò)就像現(xiàn)代鳥(niǎo)類和爬行類一樣，母親可能會(huì)是更具防御性的戰(zhàn)士，它們要保護(hù)幼崽。

Male Majungasaurus may have these skills for the ritual combat to fight over access tofemale's territory.

雄性瑪君龍可能可以通過(guò)博斗儀式進(jìn)入雌性的領(lǐng)地。

The females might have one situation where they have advantage.

雌性也可能有一項(xiàng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

It's going to know how to defend its young and it's gonna fight pretty savagely.

它懂得如何保護(hù)幼崽而且它會(huì)異常兇猛。

Now if the female was actually defending its young, then the attendant sense changes theequation，

要是雌性是在保護(hù)幼崽，這種母性會(huì)改變情況，

and consequently the intensity of battle might be different.

博斗的激烈程度會(huì)大幅度增加。

At that point, the intensity wouldn't be just about a meal or about territory, it would be abouther heritage, her genes and her future.

在這種情況下，激烈程度已經(jīng)不再是僅僅因?yàn)槭澄锘蚴穷I(lǐng)地，而是為了它的傳承、基因和未來(lái)。

The female is gonna want to save her life.

雌性當(dāng)然不想喪命。

If she has offspring nearby, she may fight to the death.

要是幼崽就在附近，它會(huì)殊死搏斗。

If the young is not there, she's gonna leave because she needs to protect her ability toreproduce.

要是幼崽不在，它也許會(huì)溜之大吉，畢竟要保證自己的繁殖機(jī)會(huì)。

I think if you throw a young Majungasaurus, which the female is going to try to protect him tothe nest,

我覺(jué)得要是加上一頭小瑪君龍，雌性會(huì)盡力在巢穴里保護(hù)它，

you kind of change things around a bit and she's maybe not going to leave before the fight isdone.

這在一定程度上產(chǎn)生了變化，在戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束之前，它可能不會(huì)離開(kāi)。

She's not gonna abandon the fight if she feels her offspring is going to be in danger.

要是它感覺(jué)幼崽有危險(xiǎn)，它就不會(huì)放棄戰(zhàn)斗。

She'll fight for that offspring.

它是為它們的孩子而戰(zhàn)。

Life on Madagascar was a struggle for an adult Majungasaurus.

對(duì)于成年瑪君龍來(lái)說(shuō)在馬達(dá)加斯加島上的生活并不容易。

But survival for a juvenile was nearly impossible without protection from an adult.

要是沒(méi)有成年瑪君龍的保護(hù)，幼崽幾乎不可能生存下來(lái)。

Being confined on the island of Madagascar in the late Cretaceous was pretty tough.

在白堊紀(jì)的末期，被限制在馬達(dá)加斯加島上很艱難。

Because what it did is it took all of dinosaurs and forced them into a very small area.

因?yàn)橛心敲炊嗟目铸埍黄壬钤谝粋€(gè)狹小的空間。

So unlike the animals on the mainland where the female could leave the juvenile unattendedwhile she hunted.

所以跟在大陸上的動(dòng)物不同，那里的雌性可以在狩獵時(shí)離開(kāi)幼崽。

On Madagascar, because all these animals were confined in such a small place.

而在馬達(dá)加斯加島，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)小地方里有那么多動(dòng)物。

It was much more likely that somebody would happen across these babies.

這些幼崽更可能被其它動(dòng)物遇到。

And when you are an unprotected baby, there's a tremendous amount of danger.

對(duì)于沒(méi)有保護(hù)的幼崽這可是天大的危險(xiǎn)。

In the dark dense forests of Madagascar, danger came in many forms, but one in particular.

在馬達(dá)加斯加島陰暗濃密的森林里危險(xiǎn)有多種形式，不過(guò)有一種尤為嚴(yán)重。

Isolationism had them effect that could have turned this paradise into a prison, even a deathsentence.

與世隔絕產(chǎn)生的效果能夠?qū)⑦@里的天堂變成監(jiān)獄，甚至帶來(lái)死亡。

On an island where you are separated from others, it means the chances of meeting matefrom the opposite sex are reduced.

在一個(gè)島上，跟大陸的同類被分開(kāi)，這意味著遇到異性進(jìn)行交配的幾率大幅度降低。

And more importantly, it means that those that you meet, you can very well be very closelyrelated to, so the number one problem is inbreed.

更重要的是，這意味著遇到的有可能是近親，所以最大的問(wèn)題是近親繁殖。

And with inbreeding comes a couple of very nasty side effects,

近親繁殖會(huì)有一些很糟糕的副作用，

like, you have less of tolerance of disease, your bone structure could be weaker, you are a lotmore susceptible to early death.

比如說(shuō)對(duì)疾病的抵抗力降低，骨質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)變?nèi)?，早夭的可能大幅度增加?/p>

But the number one problem with inbreeding is that a possibility of creating mutations exist.

不過(guò)近親繁殖的最大問(wèn)題是由此帶來(lái)的突變的可能。

Majungasaurus may have had that ugly face because it was the end result of inbreeding.

瑪君龍的那張丑臉就有可能是近親繁殖的結(jié)果。