侏羅紀(jì)搏擊俱樂(lè)部 第3期:瑪君龍

This discovery had given paleontologists an opportunity to look inside the skull of this rare dinosaur.

這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)給了古生物學(xué)家們仔細(xì)觀察這種稀有恐龍顱內(nèi)情況的機(jī)會(huì)。

Dr. Lawrence Witmer of Ohio University leads one of the most technologically advanced dinosaur research labs in the world.

俄亥俄大學(xué)的勞倫斯·維特莫博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的恐龍研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

He's able to dig deeper into the stories of bones and brain cavity than ever before.

對(duì)這些骨頭和顱腔的故事他能挖掘得比從前都要深入。

CT scanning has opened a new door into dinosaur behavior.

CT掃描打開(kāi)了一扇了解恐龍行為的大門(mén)。

CT scanning is a medical technology that allows us to look inside an object.

CT掃描是一項(xiàng)醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)用于觀察物體的內(nèi)部。

But we can use that same technology on dinosaurs to look inside their skulls, to see through the rock to see how these animals are built.

不過(guò)我們也能用這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)來(lái)觀察恐龍頭顱的內(nèi)部，并且透過(guò)石頭來(lái)看到這些動(dòng)物的構(gòu)造。

We can look at the bony brain cavity in CT scan, and from that, extract what the form the brain was like, as well as all of the tissues that're surrounding that.

我們可以用CT掃描看到化石顱腔，這樣就能夠知道它的大腦是怎樣的還有所有其周圍組織的構(gòu)造。

CT scanning of the skull of Majungasaurus gave clues into every aspect of this predator, its senses of vision, hearing, balance and agility.

對(duì)瑪君龍顱骨的CT掃描給出了這種掠食者各個(gè)方面的線索，包括視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、平衡感和靈活性。

By comparing the size and shape of the brain and inner ear canals to those of modern birds and reptiles,

通過(guò)把它大腦的大小形狀和內(nèi)耳道與現(xiàn)代的鳥(niǎo)類和爬行類的進(jìn)行比較，

scientists have developed a rare insight into the behavior of Majungasaurus, how it lived and how it could have fought.

科學(xué)家們對(duì)瑪君龍的行為獲得了少有的深入了解，知道了它如何生活和戰(zhàn)斗的。

At first glance, the skull reveals obvious detail.

只要一眼就能夠看到這顱骨上的明顯細(xì)節(jié)。

The exterior was covered in a thick, rough texture, ending in a three-inch horn. that jutted from the top of the skull.

其外層較厚、質(zhì)地粗糙形成一個(gè)不到十厘米的角。從顱骨的頂部支出。

What makes this Majungasaurus look so odd are the bumps and strange horns and spikes that stuck out all over its skull.

這頭瑪君龍看起來(lái)奇怪的地方在于其顱骨上的隆起、奇怪的角和隨處可見(jiàn)凸起。

These are actually designed to show rival that this male is a mature adult.

這些實(shí)際上是成熟雄性向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者展示的設(shè)計(jì)。

They are also designed to attract a mate.

它們也是用來(lái)吸引配偶的。

These odd horns and spikes were probably brightly colored.

這些怪角和凸起很可能顏色鮮艷。

These are make-ups. It's a signal that screams to the ladies: "Check me out!"

它們是裝扮物。是對(duì)女士表示的強(qiáng)烈信號(hào)：“看看我吧!”

One of the interesting things about the horn of Majungasaurus is that it is very rough and the bone is very sort of cauliflower like and bumpy.

瑪君龍角有趣的地方之一就是它，很結(jié)實(shí)，骨頭是像菜花似的坑坑包包。

And, in fact, that bumpiness actually pertains to most of the skull.

而實(shí)際上這種不平整在整個(gè)頭顱上都有。

The texture was another clue.

其質(zhì)地是另一條線索。

The male's head was not merely an ornament.

這個(gè)雄性的頭顱不只是個(gè)裝飾品。

It was a weapon that could be wielded against both rival and prey.

它是個(gè)武器，可以被揮向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手和獵物。

One of the things we think is going on with the bumpy skin of Majungasaurus is that it relates to combat.

我們覺(jué)得瑪君龍不平的皮膚是跟搏斗有關(guān)的。

They are potentially, actually interacting in a very direct physical way, head-to-head or head-to-flank kind of combat.

它們可能有非常直接的身體接觸頭撞頭或是頭撞體側(cè)那種搏斗。

It's a very unusual kind of thing, the kind of structures we don't really see in animals,

這種結(jié)構(gòu)很不尋常我們?cè)趧e的動(dòng)物身上都看不到，

like Ceratosaurus where the horns we see are almost delicate kind of structure.

比如說(shuō)角鼻龍，我們看到的角是比較纖弱的。

So what we see with Majungasaurus is a kind of structure that was built for combat.

我們看到的瑪君龍有著為搏斗設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

When you look at the design of a skull of a Majungasaurus, you can compare that to modern day big-horn sheep.

當(dāng)觀察瑪君龍顱骨設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)可以與現(xiàn)代的大角盤(pán)羊進(jìn)行比較。

It's very heavily built and perfectly designed to take a heavy beating.

它的體格壯碩身體很適合沉重的撞擊。