美國商業(yè)大亨傳奇 第23期:復(fù)仇者的崛起(6)

The United States of America is changing like neverbefore.
一場前所未有的改變正在美國發(fā)生。
In just a decade,
短短十年間，
the country has become one of the most advanced on earth,
它就成為了全世界最先進的國家之一。
and darkness no longer means the end of the day.
夜幕降臨再也不是一天的終點。
Two men have driven this remaking of the country.
有兩個人推進了國家的重塑步伐。
John D. Rockefeller and Cornelius Vanderbilt
他們是約翰·D·洛克菲勒和科尼利厄斯·范德比爾特
are locked in a battle of wills.
無法不參與這場意志力的較量。
Commodore.
船隊隊長
Mr. Rockefeller.
洛克菲勒先生
Vanderbilt and his competitors are in drastic
范德比爾特和他的競爭對手們
search of passengers and cargo to fill the trains running on their lines.
為了裝滿自己線路上的火車正四處招攬乘客和貨物。
In the 1870s, the country needed to be connected via railroads,
1870年代 整個國家依靠鐵路來建立連接。
and what happens then is everybody who thinks they have an edge
在當(dāng)時，所有認(rèn)為自己在鐵路這個行業(yè)有能力分一杯羹的人
in the railroad business goes out and raises money
都在游走去為此集資
and they start their own railroad.
然后開始自己的鐵路事業(yè)。
And what happened then is we've seen happen many of times
我們知道，那時發(fā)生的和之后很多時候一樣，
since then, is it created a huge bubble.
（在經(jīng)濟上）產(chǎn)生了巨大的泡沫。
John D. Rockefeller's oil makes up nearly forty percent of the cargo shipped on the rails.
40%的鐵路運輸貨運量，都是來自約翰·D·洛克菲勒的石油。
But when Vanderbilt teams with
但是當(dāng)范德比爾特
his biggest rival to push for a rate increase,
與其最大競爭對手聯(lián)手準(zhǔn)備抬高運輸價格時，
Rockefeller takes it as a declaration of war.
洛克菲勒就認(rèn)為這個他們對他的宣戰(zhàn)。
He builds a pipeline in response,
洛克菲勒修建管道（運輸）作為反擊，
and begins to pull his shipments.
并從此停止了鐵路運輸。
And since the railroads have been drastically overbuilt,
而當(dāng)時是過度建造的鐵路線路
losing cargo means losing money.
喪失貨物運輸就意味著喪失財路。
Stocks plummet as investors run scared.
股價一落千丈，也讓投資者恐懼。
When prices get out of control,
當(dāng)市場價格失控時，
and smart people decide,
機智的人會想，
"Wow, this thing is a bubble, I want out",
啊，這是（虛擬的）泡沫，我不再參與，
then you can get a collapse very quickly.
那緊接著就會是（產(chǎn)業(yè)）大垮臺。
By the time the Panic is through,
當(dāng)這場恐慌過去之后，
one-third of the country's 360 railroad companies have gone bankrupt.
全國360家鐵路公司有1/3都走向了破產(chǎn)。
Every crisis of this type,
每一次類似的危及
whether it's 2008,
無論是2008年
or 1873,
或1873年
has got the same roots.
根源都是相同的。
Namely, that it was unanticipated.
就是說，誰都沒有預(yù)料到。
So a necessary condition for a crisis is nobody expects it.
沒人預(yù)料到是危機的暴發(fā)是有一個必要條件的。
The crash is the worst America has seen in its short history.
在美國短暫歷史中，這次危機可謂最糟糕的一次。