英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)書(shū)《白鯨記》第374期

It is chiefly with his name that I now have to do.Philologically considered, it is absurd. Somecenturies ago, when the Sperm whale was almostwholly unknown in his own proper individuality,and when his oil was only accidentally obtained fromthe stranded fish; in those days spermaceti, it wouldseem, was popularly supposed to be derived from acreature identical with the one then known inEngland as the Greenland or Right Whale. It was theidea also, that this same spermaceti was thatquickening humor of the Greenland Whale which thefirst syllable of the word literally expresses. In those times, also, spermaceti was exceedinglyscarce, not being used for light, but only as an ointment and medicament. It was only to behad from the druggists as you nowadays buy an ounce of rhubarb. When, as I opine, in thecourse of time, the true nature of spermaceti became known, its original name was stillretained by the dealers; no doubt to enhance its value by a notion so strangely significant of itsscarcity. And so the appellation must at last have come to be bestowed upon the whale fromwhich this spermaceti was really derived.

我現(xiàn)在所要做的,主要是解釋它的名字。從哲理上看來(lái),這是荒唐可笑的。幾百年前,在抹香鯨的固有特性差不多完全未為人所知,它的油只是偶然從死魚(yú)中獲得時(shí);所謂鯨腦似乎都被公認(rèn)是來(lái)自當(dāng)時(shí)在英國(guó)稱(chēng)為格陵蘭鯨或者是露脊鯨的一種動(dòng)物。這實(shí)在也是一種糊涂想法,這種鯨腦的叫法,就是對(duì)格陵蘭鯨的活生生的諷刺,因?yàn)轹L腦這個(gè)詞兒的第一個(gè)音節(jié)就已完全說(shuō)明一切了。當(dāng)時(shí),鯨腦也是極其希罕的,并不拿它來(lái)點(diǎn)燈,而只是用以作為油膏和藥劑。它只能在藥房里才買(mǎi)得到,就象人們現(xiàn)今去買(mǎi)一英兩大黃一樣。我以為,等到鯨腦的真正的性質(zhì)已逐漸為人所知的時(shí)候,在相當(dāng)?shù)囊欢纹陂g內(nèi),做生意人還是繼續(xù)保存著它原來(lái)的名字;無(wú)疑的,這是利用人們對(duì)它那稀罕的特點(diǎn)的看法而想抬高其價(jià)值的做法。因此,這個(gè)稱(chēng)呼,最后終須授予那一種真正出產(chǎn)這種鯨腦的鯨了。

BOOK I. (Folio), CHAPTER II. (Right Whale).--In one respect this is the most venerable of theleviathans, being the one first regularly hunted by man. It yields the article commonly known aswhalebone or baleen; and the oil specially known as "whale oil," an inferior article incommerce.

第一篇(對(duì)開(kāi)型)　第二章(露脊鯨)...在某一方面說(shuō)來(lái),這是大海獸中資格最老的鯨,因?yàn)樗鞘紫缺蝗祟?lèi)經(jīng)常獵捕的一種鯨。它所產(chǎn)生的東西,就是眾所周知的鯨須;它的油被特稱(chēng)為"鯨油",在商業(yè)上是一種劣等貨。