時差N小時:什么是腦震蕩? What Is A Concussion?

If you follow football, hockey, soccer, or boxing, thenyouknow that athletes in these and other contactsports are at constant risk for a concussion.

如果你喜歡橄欖球、橄欖球、足球或是拳擊運動，那么你就會很清楚這些以及其他接觸性運動中的運動員常處于腦震蕩的危險境地。

Everyseason several football players miss a numberof games after absorbing vicious blows to the head.

每個賽季都有數(shù)名橄欖球運動員由于頭部遭受劇烈沖擊而缺席接下來的一系列賽事。

A concussion is a blow to the head that can result intemporary confusion,amnesia, nausea,dizziness, blurred vision, and loss ofconsciousness.

腦震蕩是頭部受到撞擊而導(dǎo)致的，可能造成暫時性思維混亂，失憶，嘔吐，眩暈，視覺模糊以及失去意識。

Although a single concussion does not appear to result in structural brain damage or swellingofthe brain, repeated concussions can cause both.

盡管一次腦震蕩不會導(dǎo)致大腦結(jié)構(gòu)性損傷或?qū)е履X水腫，但是數(shù)次腦震蕩可能引起上述兩種情況同時出現(xiàn)。

Concussions are caused in one of two ways: either by the head hitting a hard surface, or bythehead spinning suddenly.

造成腦震蕩的原因不外乎是這兩種中的一種：頭部撞到硬物，或者頭部突然旋轉(zhuǎn)。

Take, for example, a common incident during a football game.

以橄欖球賽比較普遍的事件為例，Thequarterback is hit, falls backwards,and bangs his head on the turf.

四分衛(wèi)觸地得分，朝后方倒下，其頭部就會猛烈撞擊到草坪上。

Although his skull stops suddenly upon impact, his brain, floating in cerebral fluid, keepsmovingand hits the skull.

盡管他的頭骨在受到?jīng)_擊時瞬間會保持不動，但是他大腦內(nèi)的腦脊液仍然在晃動并不斷撞擊頭骨。

Similarly, when a boxer gets hit in the head with a right hook, his head twistsviolently.

同樣的，當(dāng)一名拳擊手頭部受到一記右勾拳時，他的腦袋瞬間劇烈扭轉(zhuǎn)。

The skull stops moving, but the brain keeps shaking for a few moments and may brushtheskull.

頭骨停止移動，但是腦漿卻還會震動一會兒，并有可能摩擦到頭骨。

The result is a chemical imbalance in the brain.

結(jié)果是腦部化學(xué)失衡。

All the neurotransmitters in the damaged area firesimultaneously, causing an overload ofchemicals that impair receptors involved in learning andmemory.

所有受損區(qū)域的神經(jīng)傳遞素同時作用，造成腦內(nèi)化學(xué)物質(zhì)超負荷運轉(zhuǎn)，從而損壞學(xué)習(xí)與記憶的神經(jīng)元。

The flood of chemicals also constricts arteries, making it difficult for the damaged cells toget thenutrients they need to recover.

化學(xué)物質(zhì)過多也會引起動脈收縮，導(dǎo)致大腦受損細胞難以吸收到利于復(fù)原的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。

Because the brain can take as long as several weeks to recover from a concussion, it's a goodideato take a break from contact sports if you've had one.

由于腦部需要長達數(shù)周的時間來恢復(fù)腦震蕩帶來的損傷，如果你腦部受到撞擊最好還是休息一段時間再繼續(xù)參加此類接觸性運動。